Classical Conditioning
The theorist who discovered classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Stimuli associated with the problem behavior are paired with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally produces an unpleasant response that’s incompatible with the reinforcing response
Aversion Therapy
This variable always has at least two levels
Independent variable
This type of research is used to study the kind and quality of behavior and produces information that’s interpreted and usually summarized in a narrative description
Qualitative
when the instrument used to measure the dependent variable changes over time
Instrumentation
When the unconditioned stimulus no longer produces a conditioned response its called
Classical Extinction
A type of exposure that’s always conducted in imagination and incorporates psychodynamic elements.
Implosive Therapy
This variable is expected to be effected by the independent variable
Dependent variable
This kind of research is used to identify and study differences in the amount of behavior and produces data that’s “expressed numerically and can be analyzed in a variety of ways”
Quantitative
refers to events that occur during the course of a study and are not part of the study but affect its results
History
The most effective conditioning procedure
Delay Conditioning
The clients image of a stimulus associated with the problem behavior is paired with an image of a stimulus that naturally produces an incompatible and undesirable response.
Covert sensitization
This variable explains the relationship between the independent and the dependent variable
This is the research practice of comparing and combining different sources of evidence in order to reach a better understanding of the research topic
Triangulation
This occurs when groups differ at the beginning of the study due to the way they were assigned to groups
differential selection
One explanation for __________ is that the second neutral stimulus does not provide any new information about the occurrence of the unconditioned stimulus
blocking
Exposure with response prevention can be conducted in vivo, in virtual reality, or in imagination, and it can take what two forms?
flooding and graded exposure
This variable effects the direction and/or strength of the relationship between the variables
moderator variable
The difference between a phenomenological study and a ethnographical study is
Phenomenological studies seek gain an in depth understanding of a persons lived in experience usually through in depth intervies whereas ethnographical studies seek to study participants in their natural setting mainly through observation
The longer the duration of the study, the more likely its results will be threatened by
maturation
This conditioning technique is usually ineffective due to suggestion of contingency of stimuli
backward conditioning
What are the three steps of systematic desensitization?
(1) The client learns deep muscle relaxation or other procedure that produces a state of relaxation. (2) The client and therapist create an anxiety hierarchy, which is a list of stimuli that cause low to high levels of anxiety. (3) The client imagines the stimuli included the hierarchy and uses the relaxation procedure while doing so.
This variable isnt a intentional part of the study and can make it difficult to determine in the independent variable actually caused the effect on the dependent variable
extraneous variable
What is the difference between true experimental research study and quasi-experimental research study?
In a true experimental research study the researcher has more control over the conditions of the study and, can be more confident that an observed relationship between independent and dependent variables is causal because they can randomly assign participants to different levels of the independent variable and make sure the groups are equal from the beginning of the study
threatens a study’s internal validity when taking a pretest affects how participants respond to the posttest