Miscellaneous
What are the 2 types of Nitrogenous bases?
Purines and Pyrimadines
How is Recombinant DNA made?
Its made by combining different DNA molecules
What is bacterial cell culturing?
A method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermines culture mediums under lab conditions
What does DNA stand for and what is its function?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid and it functions as long term storage of genetic information
The promoter is located at the beginning of a gene where RNA Polymerase binds
Increases the activity of a catalyst
The bonds that connect sugar molecules and are responsible for polymerization of nucleic acids
Phosphodiester Bonds
What is the smallest change in the DNA molecule that can occur after site-specific mutagenisis what effect can this change have
A change in the base pair it can change codons introns and exons
What kind of culture are mammalian cells grown in?
They grown in broth cultures
What nitrogenous base is specific to DNA and what is its complementary base?
Thymine is paired to Adenine.
What are histones and what do they do?
They are nuclear proteins that bind to chromosomal DNA and they condense it into packed coils.
How does Molecular Cloning work?
Cut open the plasmid and "paste" in the gene. This process relies on restriction enzymes (which cut DNA) and DNA ligase (which joins DNA).
Insert the plasmid into bacteria. Use antibiotic selection to identify the bacteria that took up the plasmid.
Grow up lots of plasmid-carrying bacteria and use them as "factories" to make the protein. Harvest the protein from the bacteria and purify it.
What makes DNA visible in Gel Electrophoresis? What makes DNA glow orange in UV light and what does it mean?
Methylene Blue
Ethidium bromide and it means that its more hazardous.
What are eukaryotic chromosomes made of?
They are made of a DNA molecule wrapped around histone proteins
Which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines and which purines?
Purines: Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines: Thymine and Cytosine
What is semiconservative replication?
A form of replication in which each original strand of DNA acts as a template or model for building a new side.
DNA is meaning that one helix chain faces the opposite direction of the other.
antiparallel
At what time can manipulation first occur in gene therapy?
When the multi-cellular organism first matures.
Where are prokaryoic chromosomes located?
They are located in the nucleoid
What protein copies DNA base sequences in transcription and DNA replication
Polymerases
What is molecular cloning?
Molecular cloning is a function of recombinant DNA technology that is used to assemble recombinant DNA and to direct there replication in hosts.
What is an R plasmid? Why does it contain a specific gene?
a plasmid that contains a gene for antibiotic resistance. It has an antibiotic resistant gene in order to insure that its DNA is replicated and so that researchers can easily distinguish the bacteria its in from others.
What things are important to molecular cloning?
Restriction enzyme
Ligase
rPlasmid
DNA Vector
What is used to visualize the movement of molecules in Gel Electroscopes?
They use loading dye
What is DNA composed of and how is it arranged?
Nucleotide are joined together in a chain by a covalent bond between a the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next. The nitrogenous bases of the separate poly-nucleic strands are bound together based on the pairing rules and hydrogen bonds.
What is Beta-galactosidase?
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of lactose into monosaccharides.