Thing
What is the significance of homologous structures?
Homologous structures indicate common ancestry among different species.
How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
Meiosis produces four genetically diverse gametes, while mitosis produces two identical somatic cells.
Explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits.
Dominant traits are expressed when at least one dominant allele is present, while recessive traits are only expressed when two recessive alleles are present.
How do chloroplasts contribute to photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
What is the basic unit of life
The cell
How do fossils contribute to our understanding of evolution?
Fossils provide records of past organisms and show how species have changed over time.
Describe the theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin.
Darwin proposed that species evolve over time through a process of natural selection.
What is a phenotype?
A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
The ER is involved in protein and lipid synthesis and processing.
What is the function of the cell membrane
It regulates what enters the cell
Explain the concept of speciation.
Speciation is the process by which new species arise from existing ones, often due to geographic isolation.
What is genetic drift?
Genetic drift is a change in allele frequencies in a population due to random sampling of organisms.
Define genotype.
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, including the alleles present.
What is DNA and what is its role in genetics?
DNA is the molecule that contains the genetic blueprint for an organism and carries genetic information.
what organelles are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Chloroplasts and cell walls
What is an ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.
Define adaptation in the context of evolution.
Adaptation is a trait that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment
What is a Punnett square, and how is it used?
A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genetic combinations of offspring from parental genotypes.
What are alleles?
Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.
What roles do ribosomes play in the cell?
Protein synthesize
What are the major functions of the circulatory system?
The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
What evidence supports the theory of evolution?
Evidence includes fossil records, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular biology.
Describe the process of transcription in protein synthesis.
Mitosis is the process of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
How does Mendel's law of segregation relate to inheritance?
It states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait segregate from each other.
What is mitochondria's role in cellular respiration
Mitochondria are the sites of ATP production through aerobic respiration.