CARDIAC
POSITION
POSITION
ANTERIOR
MITRAL VALVE-HOW MANY LEAFLETS AND NAME THEM
2 LEAFLETS
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR
(FUN FACT: THE ANTERIOR IS NORMALLY LARGER THAN THE POSTERIOR)
TRUE OR FALSE: INCREASED LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC PRESSURES WILL DECREASE CORONARY ARTERY FLOW?
TRUE: THE MAJORITY OF THE ANTEROGRADE FLOW IN THE CORONARY OCCURS IN EARLY VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE. DUE TO THE INCREASED DIASTOLIC PRESSURE, IT WILL HAVE A SHORTER VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE (IN MOST CASES).
NAME THE 3 BRANCHES THAT COME OFF OF THE AORTIC ARCH
INNOMINATE (AKA BRACHIOPHALIC)
LEFT COMMON CAROTID
LEFT SUBCLAVIN
On an EKG, WHEN DOES IVRT OCCUR?
OCCURS AFTER THE T-WAVE
DEXTROCARDIA IS?
THE HEART IS POINTED TOWARD THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE CHEST INSTEAD OF NORMALLY POINTING LEFT.
3 LEAFLETS/CUSPS
RIGHT CORONARY, LEFT CORONARY, AND NON-CORONARY
BOTH ATRIA
THE ATRIAL SEPTUM
THE RIGHT VENTRICULAR FREE WALL
THE RIGHT VENTRICULAR APEX
ALL OF THE FOLLOWING CAUSE AN INCREASED HEART RATE, EXCEPT:
A: EXERCISE
B: HYPERKALEMIA
C: EPINEPHRINE
D: HYPERCALCEMIA
B: HYPERKALEMIA
ON EKG, WHEN DOES IVCT OCCUR?
OCCURS AFTER THE R-WAVE
DEXTROPOSITION IS? WHICH WAY DOES THE APEX POINT?
THE HEART IS LOCATED IN THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE CHEST WITH THE APEX POINTING LEFT.
PULMONARY VALVE- HOW MANY LEAFLETS AND WHAT ARE THE NAMES
3 LEAFLETS
RIGHT, LEFT, AND ANTERIOR
80% OF THE POSTERIOR DESCENDING ARTERIES (PDA) ORIGINATES FROM?
80% OF PDAS ORIGINATE FROM RCA
20% OF PDAS ORIGINATE FROM LCA. THE PDA SUPPLIES THE INFERIOR VENTRICULAR SEPTUM AND INFERIOR WALL OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE.
WHICH TWO VEINS FORM THE IVC?
NAME THE 4 PHASES OF VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE
1-ISOVOLUMIC RELAXATION PERIOD
2-RAPID FILLING PERIOD
3-DIASTASIS
4-ATRIAL CONTRACTION
EXTREME LEVOCARDIA IS?
(WHICH SIDE)
WHEN THE HEART IS LOCATED VERY LATERAL ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE CHEST.
WHICH VALVE IS MOST ANTERIOR?
PULMONARY VALVE
THE LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY (LCA) ORIGINATES FROM?
AORTIC ROOT AT THE LEFT CUSP OF THE AORTIC VALVE
DEFINE THE ELECTRICAL DELAY PERIOD IN THE CONDUCTION SYSTEM.
BRIEF PERIOD WHEN THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION OF THE VENTRICLE OCCURS, BUT THE MECHANICAL CONTRACTION HAS NOT YET STARTED. (APPROXIMATELY 35MS)
NAME THE 3 PHASES OF VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE?
1-ISOVOLUMIC CONTRACTION PERIOD
2-RAPID EJECTION PHASE
3-REDUCED EJECTION PHASE
MESOCARDIA IS? WHICH DIRECTION IS THE APEX?
TRICUSPID VALVE- HOW MANY LEAFLETS AND THE NAMES
3 LEAFLETS
ANTERIOR, POSTERIOR, AND SEPTAL/MEDIAL
WITHIN THE CORONARY CIRCULATION WHICH ANATOMICAL FEATURE HAS THE LOWEST 02 SATUARTAION?
CORONARY SINUS
THIS DRAINS THE VENOUS BLOOD FROM THE CARDIAC MUSCLE INTO THE RIGHT ATRIUM. IF RIGHT ATRIAL PRESSURE INCREASES THE CORONARY SINUS WILL DILATE.
NAME THE 4 PULMONARY VEINS
RIGHT UPPER
RIGHT LOWER
LEFT UPPER
LEFT LOWER
HOW MUCH BLOOD IS EJECTED FROM THE ATRIA DURING THE EARLY RAPID FILLING PHASE
70% IN THE EARLY RAPID FILLING PHASE AND 30% DURING THE ATRIAL CONTRACTION