Types of disfluencies
What is a sound repetition?
A disfluency that happens continuously on a sound.
Example "I w-w-w-w-want candy". The "w" sound was repeated
Demonstrate Cancellation technique
A cancellation is the stuttering modification technique of pausing after you’ve started stuttering, releasing the held tension, and then stretching out the stuttered sound to say it again fluently.
L-l-l-l (pause to release built-up pressure) lllllike this.
Practice light contact:
Light contact = producing the initial sounds of words that are plosives in manner — /b, p, d, t, g, k/ — these sounds are produced very gently. Light productions improve fluency due to less tension being involved.
I went to the park on Sunday. I played basketball, soccer and football. There were a lot of kids there. When we were done we went to the pizzeria to get a bite to eat.
I w-w-w-want chocolate chip cookies for my s-s-s-snack.
sound repetition
What is part word repetition?
A disfluency that happens when you repeat part of the word.
Example: I wen-wen-went to the mall"
"wen" was the part of the word that was repeated
Demonstrate the cancelation technique
While you’re in the moment of stuttering, stretch out the stuttered sound gently and easily, letting it slide out.
L-l-l-l-lllllike this. You start stuttering, then you stretch out the sound you’re stuttering on to get through it.
Practice slow speech rate:
slowing down the rate of speech may improve fluency.
Tomorrow I am going to the mall to buy new sneakers. I have been looking up all of the sneakers that have come out. I think I want a black pair of sneakers and then I can wear them with different outfits.
Ca-ca-ca-ca-can we go to the field tomorrow to practice?
part word repetition
What is a whole word repetition?
A disfluency when you repeat an entire word
"I want want want to go to lunch"
Demonstrate the prepatory set technique
To do them, simply stretch out the first sound in the word that’ll cause you to stutter, moving through it to the next sound and the rest of the word, continuing on with your flow of speech.
Lllllike this.
Practice relaxed breath patterns
reducing tension globally via focusing on reducing tension in breath patterns can also improve fluency. Understanding, identifying and producing deep breaths vs. shallow breaths vs. full breaths and coordinating air flow will increase awareness of how respirations play a role in fluency.
She told me she was going to be back for lunch. I hope we will have spaghetti and meatballs. It is one of my favorite foods. My mom makes the best spaghetti and meatballs. I could eat it for dinner every night of the week.
When-when-when will we be able to see what we got on the-the-the test?
whole word repetition
What is a block?
When you go to speak and nothing comes out
Example: "(long pause and tension in throat/articulators) I want to go to the mall"
Light bounces technique
Light bounces seek to make stuttering repetitions as gentle, quick, and painless as possible so you can keep moving with your message and not get bogged down in tension.
Practice slow/stretched speech
Prolonged productions of speech sounds in a general capacity to encroached fluency on a global level of communication.
We went to the grocery story to buy milk, eggs, brownie mix and flour. I went to the back of the store to pick up the eggs and brought them back to the cart. One of the eggs broke as I was walking back to the cart. I don't know what I will do.
I uhm can't wait for the uhm party on Friday
Interjections
What is an interjection?
Fillers in your sentences.
"I uhm went uhm to the uhm store"
They can be "uhm" "uhhh" "like" or any word or sound you use to fill a disfluent moment
Voluntary stuttering
That’s where voluntary stuttering is amazing. It has you intentionally insert stuttering into your speech where you would otherwise have been fluent.
Repeat the first sound of a word gently and easily and then move on until you decide to voluntarily stutter again.
So stuttering on p—p—purpose (just li—like this) slowly, easily, and gently is called vo—voluntary stuttering.
Sounds absolute crazy to most people who stutter, I know. And that’s one of the hardest parts about convincing people who stutter to do it.
But, it injects control into your speech. YOU get to decide when to stutter, instead of it being something that “happens” to you.
Practice easy onset
Easy onset = producing initial sounds of words that are not plosives (vowels, fricatives /z, s, v, v/ nasals /n, m/ and liquid /l/ also in an easy and gentle way.
Yesterday when I was walking home from school, I saw a dog walking on the sidewalk. The dog did not have on a leash or a collar. I knocked on my neighbors door but they did not answer. Next I called the police department to see if anyone was looking for a lost animal. Finally I called the dog store near me to see if anyone reported a missing dog.
Can we c-(long pause)ook for the picnic on Saturday
block
Practice Pausing
This technique involves creating. natural breaths, allowing for pausing that is indicated for improving fluency. Also, how information is communicated is grouped can play a role in where these natural breaks can occur
On Monday I have to give a presentation in front of the whole class. I am really nervous to participate in the presentation. I hope I don't stutter in front of the class. If I do stutter, I know I can use some techniques to help me through my sentences. I can also ask the teacher to practice ahead of time.