General problems of stylistics
The word ‘style’ is derived from...
the Latin word stilos which means ‘a short stick sharp at the one end and flat at the other’ used by the Romans for writing on wax tablets
natural sounds, as ding-dong, burr, bang, cuckoo are examples of ...
Direct onomatopoeia
A ........... is a figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn’t literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison.
metaphor
_______from the Greek word, which means ‘unexpected’. It is a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth
paradox
________ comes from Latin word inversio and means overturn.
inversion
In his work Poetics,WHO laid the foundations of stylistics by analyzing diction (lexis), figurative language, and the appropriateness of style to genre, plot, and character?
Aristotle
“The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
The furrow followed free;
We were the first that ever burst
Into that silent sea.”
Find SD
alliteration
¨She sings like a professional singer.
¨The reforms are as slow as they were last year.
Are these simile?
They are logical comparison, not simile
little big man, the poorest millionaire, sweet sorrow, nice rascal, pleasantly ugly face, horribly beautiful, deafening silence, poor little rich girl, unpleasant pleasure, adult children, blind eye, buried alive, agree to disagree
oxymoron
“What can any woman mean to a man in comparison with his mother?”
(Richard Aldington)
Find SD
rhetorical question
The First Linguistic Work on Style
1905 - Charles Bally
“Précis de Stylistique”
(Preferences on Stylistics)
“Twinkle, twinkle little star
How I wonder what you are.”
Find SD
incomplete vowel rhyme
•Gandalf the Grey (and later the White)
•Richard the Lionheart
•Grey-eyed Athena
•Iron lady
•Elizabeth the Great. They are examples of ......
true epithet
The fog comes
on little cat feet.
It sits looking
over harbor(гавань) and city
on silent haunches
and then moves on.
Find SD
Personification
“The coffee came – hot and good - the whole ring of cake.”
Find SD
detached construction
Branches of stylistics are:
• Linguistic stylistics • Literary stylistics
• Functional stylistics • Comparative stylistics
• Stylistic Decoding
“Poetry is old, ancient, goes back far. It is among the oldest of living things. So old it is that no man knows how and why the first poems came.”
Find SD
assonance
Find SD
A pair of eyes was watching me
synecdoche
“Killing time with a book was not much better than killing pheasants and time with a gun.”
Find SD
A pun (or paronomasia)
“He became one of the prominent men of the House. Spoke clearly and modestly, and was newer too long."
Find SD
ellipsis
Modern branches of Stylistics are:
•cognitive stylistics
•discourse stylistics
•a method in language teaching and language learning
•creative writing
•feminist stylistics
Iamb,Trochee,Anapest,Dactyl,Monosyllable,Spondee... What are they?
Types of feet (rhythm)
•The police station gets robbed
Find SD
Irony
............ – is a genre which represents an idea or belief, is a form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meanings that lie outside the narrative itself.
Thus an_______ is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning (Aesop Fables)
allegory
“He couldn’t spy on her. If she wanted to keep things from him – she must; he couldn’t spy on her."
Find SD
frame repetition