Regions & Geography
The four regions of Sub-Saharan Africa
What are East, West, Central, and Southern regions?
"White gold" traded in West Africa
What is salt?
Who ended apartheid in South Africa?
Who is Nelson Mandela?
How many people were killed during the genocide?
What is 800,000 people killed?
Define a caravan
What is a group of merchants traveling together across desert or trade routes?
This region is known for rainforests and thick vegetation
What is Central Africa?
This animal was crucial for desert trade routes
What are camels?
What were the "pass laws"?
What were legal documents requiring non-white South Africans to carry identification specifying their racial group and limiting their movement?
What triggered the Rwandan Genocide?
What was the assassination of Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana? / What was oppression of the Tutsi people
Name two environmental challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa
What are desertification and water scarcity?
Geographical feature that marks the transition between desert and grasslands
What is the Sahel (transitional zone between Sahara Desert and grasslands)?
Describe the Trans-Saharan Trade Network's economic impact
What was a complex trade network exchanging gold, salt, slaves, and other goods across the Sahara Desert, connecting North African societies with Sub-Saharan kingdoms?
Explain how racial segregation was systematically implemented
How did the apartheid system create legal segregation through laws restricting movement, education, property ownership, and social interactions based on race?
Explain the role of Belgian colonizers in creating ethnic tensions
How did Belgian colonial policies create artificial ethnic divisions by issuing identity cards and privileging Tutsis, which later fueled conflict?
How do climate change and overpopulation impact the region?
How do climate change and population growth strain agricultural resources, increase migration, and challenge economic development?
Name two major waterways in Sub-Saharan Africa
What are the Congo River and the Niger River?
How did the Mali Empire generate wealth?
How did the Mali Empire generate wealth through controlled trade routes, taxing merchants, and strategic gold and salt trading?
Describe the role of the African National Congress in challenging apartheid
How did the ANC use peaceful resistance, international pressure, and eventual armed struggle to challenge the apartheid system?
Describe the formation and significance of the Rwandan Patriotic Front
How did the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) emerge as a resistance movement of Tutsi refugees, ultimately stopping the genocide and taking political control?
Discuss the relationship between poverty and disease in Sub-Saharan Africa
How do poverty, limited healthcare infrastructure, and infectious diseases create interconnected challenges in Sub-Saharan development?
Explain the ecological significance of the Great Escarpment
What is the Great Escarpment - a significant geological formation that creates dramatic elevation changes, impacts climate, and influences biodiversity across southern Africa?
Compare and contrast trade practices in Ghana and Mali empires
How did Ghana and Mali differ in their trade strategies, with Ghana focusing on intermediary trade and Mali expanding direct trade and cultural exchange under Mansa Musa?
Analyze the long-term socio-economic impacts of apartheid
Rwandan Genocide
HINT- list three
How did apartheid create generational economic disparities, psychological trauma, and long-lasting social inequalities that continue to impact South African society?
Analyze the international community's response to the genocide
How did international inaction, complex colonial histories, and deep-rooted ethnic tensions contribute to the scale and brutality of the Rwandan Genocide?
Propose sustainable development strategies for the region
How can sustainable development strategies like education, renewable energy, agricultural innovation, and healthcare investment address systemic challenges?