Subject and object clauses
Define objective and subjective clauses:
1)He advises that she should buy one way tickets.
2)It is impossible that he rent this old boat.
3)It's high time we dealt with this issue.
1)object
2)subject
3)subject
The past subjunctive forms are was and were.
were - formal
was - colloquial
In clauses of purpose after the conjunctions that, so that, in order that, so the form ... is (are) used.
may (might) + infinitive or can (could) + infinitive
What conjunctions are used in predicative and comparative clauses?
as if, as though
What would you use in exclamatory sentences beginning with if only to express a wish?
students' answers
After verbs order, request, suggest we the past subjunctive form is used
False
present subjunctive or should+inf
If the action refers to the present or is simultaneous to the moment with the action we use past perfect, past perfect continuous or past subjunctive. If the action refers to the past or is prior to the moment it is desired we use past simple or past continouos.
If the action refers to the present or is simultaneous to the moment with the action we use past simple, past continuous or past subjunctive. If the action refers to the past or is prior to the moment it is desired we use past perfect or past perfect continouos.
After the positive conjunction lest would + infinitive is used.
After the negative conjunction lest should + infinitive is generally used.
The demand that she should complete the report has been carried out - is it predicative or appositive clause?
appositive
In questions expressing astonishment or indignation the analytical form may+inf is used
False
After verbs expressing fear, apprehension and worry we use:
1)She feared lest they ... (to learn) she had a child.
2)I worry that he ... (to get) lost.
3)She is afraid lest the girl ... (to catch) a cold.
1)should learn
2)may learn/may have learned
3)should catch/should have caught
If we use Past Simple in the clause and would+inf in the main, we refer the whole situation as ...
unreal
How can the clauses of concession be joined?
asyndetically and syndetically
The predicative clause is preceded by verbs wish, order, request, fear, etc.
False - nouns
In exclamatory sentences to express an emotional attitude of the speaker to real facts we use can+inf
False
If we express possibility the form should+inf is used: It's likely he should change his opinion.
False: may+inf
It's likely he may change his opinion.
If I had won that lottery, I would live in London now
mixed type
Concessive clauses introduced by even if, even though are built up on the same pattern as object clauses
conditional clauses
If the actions in the comparative or predicative clauses are prior to that in the main clause, the past subjunctive form is used.
If the actions in the comparative or predicative clauses are prior to that in the main clause, the non-factual past perfect form is used.
Traditionally, SM was used in ...
formulaic expressions
1)It’s necessary we ... (to call) as soon as we arrive.
2)I suggested that she ... (to give up) driving, but she looked too miserable.
3)Is it possible that ... (to guess) it.
4)What a shame that he ... (to behave) like that.
5)They trembled they ... (to be discovered).
6)It's high time they ... (to kick off) the meeting.
1)call/should call
2)should give up/give up
3)should guess/should have guessed
4)should behave/behave
5)may be discovered
6)kicked off
1)I’m starving. I wish I ate breakfast this morning.
2)If you go to Paris where would you stay?
3)If I had a map I would have been all right.
4)I wish it will stop raining. This rain is annoying.
5)If you had TikTok, you had seen that Claire Rosinkranz’s video already
6)If he ate all that he will be ill.
7)What would have you done if you found a burglar in your house?
1)had eaten
2)will you stay
3)had had
4)would stop
5)would have seen
6)eats
7)would you do
1)She made him put his coat on so that he (not catch) cold.
2)He put down all she said lest there (be) any mistake.
3)Whoever he (be), he seems to be an honest man at least
4)Difficult as the problem (be) we'll have to solve it.
5)Even if we (have) the money, we wouldn’t live in a big house
1)might not catch
2)should be
3)may be
4)might be
5)had
1)The order that everybody (to gather) at the entrance surprised us.
2)He behaves as if he (be) my worst enemy.
3)Our suggestion was that we (take) a tour round the city before going to the gallery.
4)I feel as if something terrible (happen) to him.
5)It seems as if the house (break) into.
1)should gather
2)were
3)should take/take
4)had happened
5)had been broken
1)If only he (be) free!
2)I (like) to see this film!
3)Why you (not do) it?
4)If I only I (know)!
1)were
2)should like
3)should you not do
4)knew