Opioids
Oral opioid agonist; prevents abstinence syndrome; prevents need for the substance
What is methodone?
last resort; abstinence from alcohol; discourages alcohol indigestion--unpleasant effect
What is Disulfiram or Antabuse?
pure nicotine without harmful substances; for smoking cessation
What is nicotine replacement patches/gum?
believed to be a stress reliever but causes a stress response; causes CV and GI problems, increases HR and BP
What is Nicotine?
Need to implement seizure precautions
What is alcohol withdrawal?
for N/V/D; does not reduce the craving for the opiods, just treats the symptoms
What is Clonidine?
decreases risk of seizures and intensity of withdrawal; used detox
What are benzodiazepines?
decreases the craving for nicotine
What is buproprion?
most commonly abused drugs
What are opiates?
the most important concern for anyone withdrawing from a substance
What is safety?
decreases cravings; used for detox
What is Buprenorphine?
decreased craving/less depression of the autonomic nervous system response
What is propranolol and clonidine?
produces dopamine to stimulate pleasure; reduces craving and severity of withdrawal
What is Varenicline?
drug seeking, mydriation (dilated pupils), piloerection (hair standing on end); diaphoresis, V/D, insomnia, increased HR and BP
What is Opioid withdrawal?
absence of injury, ongoing abstinence from the substance, regular attendance of a 12-step program, decreased cravings for the substance, improved coping skills to replace use of substance
What is evaluation of medication effectiveness?
blocks opioid receptors; use of opioids does not produce the euphoric effects
What is Narcan or Naloxone?
supresses craving and pleasurable effects
What is Naltrexone?
the rate of tobacco use cessation is nearly doubles with this
What is nicotine replacement therapy?
a depressant (CNS), vasodilation-flushing, primary cause of liver failure, beneficial in small amounts (red wine)
What is alcohol?
Advise the client to avoid use in pregnancy
What is acamprosate?
must go to an approved treatment center to receive the prescription (2 drugs)
What is methadone and buprenorphine?
decreases unpleasant abstinence effects
What is Acamprosate?
not to be used with depression-can cause suicidal ideation
What is Varenicline?
Produces euphoria, sedation, hallucinations, decreases nausea and vomiting secondary to chemotherapy, management of chronic pain
What is Marijuana?
Provide emotional support and reassurance to the patient and family. Educate the patient and family about codependent behaviors.
What is patient-centered care?