Signs and Symptoms
What is the term for needing larger amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect?
Tolerance
What substance is responsible for the intoxicating effects of alcoholic beverages?
Ethanol (alcohol)
What class of drugs includes heroin, morphine, and oxycodone?
Opioids
What oral condition is commonly associated with reduced saliva caused by substance use?
Xerostomia
Should a dental hygienist approach a patient with suspected substance use in a judgmental or nonjudgmental manner?
Nonjudgmental
Name one behavioral sign commonly associated with alcohol intoxication.
Impaired judgment, mood instability, aggressiveness, or unsteady gait
What organ is primarily responsible for metabolizing alcohol?
The liver
Opioids commonly cause what effect on the central nervous system?
CNS depression
Xerostomia increases the risk for what common dental disease?
Dental caries
What interviewing approach can help patients discuss substance use and consider behavior change?
Motivational interviewing
What term describes a strong desire or urge to use a substance?
Craving
What blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the legal limit for driving in the United States?
0.08%
What dangerous effect on breathing can occur with opioid overdose?
Respiratory depression
Chronic alcohol consumption increases the risk of what serious oral condition?
Oral cancer
What should the dental hygienist do if a patient appears intoxicated before treatment?
Assess the situation, prioritize patient safety, and postpone elective treatment when appropriate.
What condition can occur when a person who is physically dependent on alcohol suddenly stops drinking?
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Name one major health hazard associated with chronic alcohol consumption.
Liver disease, cardiovascular problems, neurologic problems, or increased cancer risk
What medication can rapidly reverse an opioid overdose?
Naloxone
Name two oral problems that may be associated with substance use.
Caries, periodontal disease, xerostomia, tooth wear, bruxism, or oral lesions
Why is it important to review a patient's medications and substance use before providing dental treatment?
To identify potential drug interactions, contraindications, and medical risks.
What severe form of alcohol withdrawal can involve confusion, hallucinations, agitation, and tremors?
Delirium tremens (DTs)
Why can suddenly stopping alcohol use be dangerous in a person who is dependent on alcohol?
Withdrawal can become severe and potentially life-threatening, including seizures or delirium tremens.
A patient taking opioids may have an increased risk of what important dental concern because of reduced saliva?
Xerostomia, which can contribute to dental caries and other oral problems
Why is routine oral cancer screening particularly important for patients with chronic alcohol use?
Alcohol use is associated with increased oral cancer risk, so regular screening can help identify suspicious changes early.
A patient admits to substance misuse. What is an important communication principle when discussing the issue?
Build trust, avoid judgment, express concern, provide appropriate education, and encourage professional help when indicated.