Requiring an increased dose of a substance to achieve the desired effect, or having a markedly reduced effect when consuming the usual dose.
100
What is the most widely used drug in the world?
Caffeine
100
What is the most commonly used 'illicit' drug in the United States?
Marijuana
100
What contributes 50-60% of the variance in liability for alcohol dependence in both men and women?
Genetics
100
Name three therapies based on cognitive and behavioral principles.
Avoidance of the stimulus, Relapse Prevention, Stages of change and motivational enhancement, Skills training, classical and operant conditioning therapies, 12-step.
200
What types of drugs are most commonly associated with physiological withdrawal symptoms.
Alcohol, opioids and nicotine
200
This hormone, which is responsible for the brain's pleasure and motivation centers, is stimulated by nicotine.
Dopamine
200
What drug came to the United States in the 1800's as a popular additive to cigars and Soda Pop?
Cocaine
200
What makes the study of genetics being a factor in illicit drug use difficult to study?
Failure to report
200
What medication is used to taper withdrawal symptoms for heroin users?
Methadone
300
What needs to be considered when determining if someone is using vs abusing a drug?
Cultural norms
300
How long can the withdrawal symptoms from nicotine last?
Up to a month
300
These types of illicit drugs derived from the opium poppy mimic the effects of endorphins and enkephalins on the human body system.
Opioids
300
What is the most common 'pleasure' neurotransmitter?
Dopamine
300
Name the four ways NRT (Nicotine Replacement Therapy) can be delivered?
Patch, lozenge, gum, inhaler
400
What is the most defining feature of a substance use disorder?
The disruption in social, educational or occupational functioning.
400
Signs of this alcohol withdrawal symptom are disorientation, severe agitation, high BP and fever and can sometimes cause death.
Delirium tremens
400
Use of these drugs can result in a type of disorder where the user experiences perceptual distortions long after the drugs has left the system.
Hallucinogens
400
In substance addiction, which conditioning mechanism occurs first? Negative reinforcement or positive reinforcement?
Positive reinforcment
400
What is aversive treatment?
Pairing ingestion of the substance with a noxious physical reaction, deterring the user from ingesting any more.
500
What version of the DSM has substance use disorders and substance dependence disorders listed separately?
The DSM-IV
500
What is cross-tolerance?
When tolerance to one drug translates to tolerance of another drug
500
The consumption of this type of drug leads to a release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.
Amphetamines
500
Marijuana is often considered a '______'drug to more harmful drug use.
Gateway
500
Why are women less likely to seek treatment than men?
Limited access to childcare and shaming of women who are pregnant.