Drug Addiction
This is a condition, produced by repeated consumption of a natural or synthetic substance in which the person has become physically and psychologically dependent on the substance.
What is addiction?
This is the process through which the body increasingly adapts to substance and larger doses of the substance required to produce the same effect.
What is tolerance?
The initial experience with this drug is usually unplesasant, but people still use it and are more likely to become addicted after the 4th use.
What is tobacco/nicotine?
This drug was more commonly used before research was published that highlighted the harmful effects of chronic use. Now, the use of this drug has significant declined over the last few decades.
What is tobacco/nicotine smoking?
Replacement therapy for this drug includes patches, gums, and lozenges.
What is nicotine?
This occurs when the use of a substance has resulted in problems such as failure to fulfill obligations, putting self or others at risk, and legal issues.
What is abuse?
This occurs when there is a compulsion to use a substance for its pleasant effect without necessarily being physically dependent on it
What is psychological dependence?
Heredity plays a strong role in abuse of this drug before the age of 25. People are also more likely to use this drug if they are stressed, experience a major traumatic event, and live in an environment that encourages its use.
What is alcohol?
Women tend to feel the effects of this drug faster than men because they metabolize it slower.
What is alcohol?
This drug causes severe nausea when an alcohol takes a drink.
What is disulfiram/antabuse?
This is the process through which the body increasingly adapts to substance and larger doses of the substance required to produce the same effect.
What is tolerance?
_____________ increases the use of drugs because a pleasant effect has been associated with them; ____________ increases the use of drugs because it reduces unpleasant circumstances.
What is positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement?
Drug use tends to begin in adolescence, except for ____________ and _______ which tends to occur in adulthood through prescriptions.
What are benzodiazepines and barbiturates?
There is the risk of psychological dependence with using this class of drugs, but not physical dependence.
What are hallucinogens (except weed)?
Preventing ______ is a major problem in treatment programs.
What is relapse?
This is the unpleasant physical and psychological symptoms experienced when a substance is discontinued or markedly reduced once person has become dependent.
What is withdrawal?
People want to avoid these unpleasant effects of abstaining from drug use, so they continue to use the drug and are more likely to relapse when trying to quit.
What are withdrawal symptoms?
The use of _______ is linked to cardiovascular and neurological problems as well as poor general health.
What is (crack) cocaine?
These are the ideas about the outcomes of behavior developed either through own experience or from watching experiences of others.
What are expectancies?
This drug has physiological effects similar to opiates but doesn’t produce euphoria and prevents euphoria if person does use opiates. It must be carefully administered due to potentially lethal side effects and abuse risk.
What is methadone?
This is a motivational state involving strong desire to use substance.
What is craving?
The _____________ proposes that dopamine enhances salience of stimuli associated with substance use so they become powerful in directing behavior.
People often think that you cannot become addicted to this drug, but that's a myth. There is risk for both physical and psychological dependence.
What is marijuana?
People who use these two drugs are more likely to try other substances in the future.
What are tobacco/nicotine and alcohol?
The use of psychosocial or chemical methods by themselves are not as effective as combining methods into _____________ approach. Designing this type of program can include strategies such as the use biochemical analyses to verify self-report at beginning of program, brief daily phone calls improves client performance on certain aspects of interventions (such as recording progress), involving family/significant others, and having physicians actively involved in program.
What is multidimensional?