Symptoms
Process of using a substance to excess.
Review Halter, p. 409
What is intoxication?
Co-occurring disorders may include any combination of two or more substance use disorders and mental illness disorders identified in the DSM-5.
Review, Halter, p. 412
What are schizophrenia spectrum disorders, major depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, personality disorders and conduct disorders?
This drug is classified as a depressant, although it also has stimulant and hallucinogenic properties.
Review Halter, p. 414
What is cannabis (marijuana)
These medications are used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
Review Halter, p. 425
What are disulfiram (Antabuse), naltrexone (Vivitrol, ReVia), acamprosate (Campral), benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, barbiturates, antihypertensive agents.
These behavioral addictions are called process addictions.
Review Halter, p. 408
What are gambling disorder (officially declared a disorder in 2013 (APA), internet gaming, using social media, shopping, and sexual activity?
Increased amounts of the substance are consumed to achieve the desired effect.
Review Halter, p.409
What is tolerance?
Symptoms include unresponsiveness, pinpoint pupils, slow respiration, coma, hypothermia, hypotension, and bradycardia.
Review Halter, p. 416
What is opioid overdose?
This drug is classified as a stimulant. It increases activity in the brain and temporarily elevates mood, alertness, and energy levels but there are no physiological withdrawal disturbances that require inpatient care.
Review, Halter, p. 418
What is cocaine?
Examples of screenings and assessments used to provide treatment for people with substance use disorders and those at risk of developing these disorders.
Review Halter, p. 422
What are the SBIRT, AUDIT, CAGE, CIWA-Ar, COWS?
Risk factors for the development of substance related and addictive disorders.
Review Halter, p. 412-414
What are biological, neurochemical, environmental and sociocultural factors?
A set of physiological symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance.
Review Halter, p. 409
What is withdrawal?
Tremors, anxiety, agitation, impaired cognition, perceptual changes, tactile disturbances, hypertension, tachycardia, elevated temperature that begin 6 to 8 hours after last use.
Review, Halter, p. 420
What is alcohol withdrawal?
The most widely used psychoactive substance in the world.
Review Halter, p. 414
What is caffeine?
Medications often used for treatment of opioid use disorder.
Halter, pp.416-417
What are methadone (Dolophine, Methadose), buprenorphine (Subutex, Suboxone), naltrexone (Vivitrol, ReVia)
Important nursing intervention regarding administration of buprenorphine tablets.
Review Halter, p. 417
What is "nurse will instruct patient to take the medication sublingually"?
Excessive drinking is described by two different terms.
Review Halter, p. 419
What are:
1.Binge drinking (drinking too much alcohol quickly. For women this amount is four or more drinks within 2 hours; for men this amount is five or more drinks within 2 hours)
2. Heavy drinking (drinking too much, too often). Eight or more drinks in a week constitutes heavy drinking in women. Men who drink more than 14 drinks in a week are considered heavy drinkers.
Mood dysphoria, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, fever, insomnia, lacrimation (watery eyes), rhinorrhea (runny nose), pupillary dilation, yawning.
Review Halter, p. 416
What is opioid withdrawal?
Some people believe that taking this substance leads to new insights due to the illusions, hallucinations, and synesthesias (e.g., hearing colors or seeing sounds) that occur with this type of intoxication.
What are hallucinogens?
Review Halter, p. 415
Continuity of care occurs through a continuum and can include these settings.
Review Halter, p. 427
What are detox, residential rehabilitation programs, halfway houses, partial hospitalization program (PHP), intensive outpatient program (IOP), Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).
Based upon the "stages of change" theory, this technique uses a person-centered approach to strengthen motivation for change.
Review Halter, p. 425
What is motivational interviewing?
Typically begins 6 to 8 hours after the last use of the substance. It reaches intensity during the second or third day and then subsides during the next week.
Review Halter, p. 416
What is opioid withdrawal?
Characterized by altered gait, vestibular dysfunction, confusion, and several ocular motility abnormalities, the pathophysiological connection between these two problems is a thiamine deficiency, which may be caused by poor nutrition or by the malabsorption of nutrients.
Review Halter, p. 420
What is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?
This class includes all prescription sleeping medications and almost all prescription antianxiety drugs. Craving is a typical feature.
Review Halter, p. 417
What are sedatives, hypnotics, and antianxiety medications?
This drug is used only after abstaining from opioids for 12 to 24 hours. If given too soon, it can bring on acute withdrawal for patients who have other opioids in their bloodstream.
Review Halter, p. 417
What is buprenorphine (Subutex, Suboxone)
A nursing outcome based on a nursing diagnosis of "hopelessness", related to substance use as evidenced by lack of initiative, passivity, social isolation, seeing no alternatives or personal control, anger, seeing no meaning in life.
Review Halter, p.424
What is "Prior to discharge, patient will express feelings of self-worth, verbalize sense of personal identity, express meaning in life, set goals, believe that actions impact outcomes"?