Symptoms
Process of using a substance to excess.
What is intoxication?
Review Halter, p. 409
Co-occurring disorders may include any combination of two or more substance use disorders and mental disorders identified in the DSM-5. I
What are schizophrenia spectrum disorders, major depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, personality disorders and conduct disorders?
Review, Halter, p. 412
This drug is classified as a depressant, although it also has stimulant and hallucinogenic properties.
What is cannabis (marijuana)
Review Halter, p. 414
These medications are used in the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
What are disulfiram (Antabuse), naltrexone (Vivitrol, ReVia), acamprosate (Campral), benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, barbiturates, antihypertensive agents.
Review Halter, p. 425
These behavioral addictions are called process addictions.
What are gambling disorder (officially declared a disorder in 2013 (APA), internet gaming, using social media, shopping, and sexual activity?
Review Halter, p. 408
Increased amounts of the substance are consumed to achieve the desired effect.
What is tolerance?
Review Halter, p.409
Symptoms include unresponsiveness, pinpoint pupils, slow respiration, coma, hypothermia, hypotension, and bradycardia.
What is opioid overdose?
Review Halter, p. 416
This drug is classified as a stimulant. It increases activity in the brain and temporarily elevates mood, alertness, and energy levels but there are no physiological withdrawal disturbances that require inpatient care
What is cocaine?
Review, Halter, p. 418
Examples of screenings and assessments used to provide treatment for people with substance use disorders and those at risk of developing these disorders.
What are the SBIRT, AUDIT, CAGE, CIWA-Ar, COWS?
Review Halter, p. 422
Risk factors for the development of substance related and addictive disorders.
What are biological, neurochemical, environmental and sociocultural factors?
Review Halter, p. 412-414
A set of physiological symptoms that occur when a person stops using a substance.
What is withdrawal?
Review Halter, p. 409
Tremors, anxiety agitation, impaired cognition, perceptual changes, tactile disturbances hypertension, tachycardia, elevated temperature that begin 6 to 8 hours after last use.
What is alcohol withdrawal?
Review, Halter, p. 420
The most widely used psychoactive substance in the world.
What is caffeine?
Review Halter, p. 414
Medications often used for treatment of opioid use disorder.
What are methadone (Dolophine, Methadose), buprenorphine (Subutex, Suboxone), naltrexone (Vivitrol, ReVia)
Important nursing intervention regarding administration of buprenorphine tablets.
What is "nurse will instruct patient to take the medication sublingually"?
Review Halter, p. 417
Excessive drinking is described by two different terms.
What are 1.binge drinking (drinking too much alcohol quickly. For women this amount is four or more drinks within 2 hours; for men this amount is five or more drinks within 2 hours)
2. Heavy drinking (drinking too much, too often). Eight or more drinks in a week constitutes heavy drinking in women. Men who drink more than 14 drinks in a week are considered heavy drinkers.
Review Halter, p. 419
Mood dysphoria, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, fever, and insomnia, lacrimation (watery eyes), rhinorrhea (runny nose), pupillary dilation, yawning.
What is opioid withdrawal?
Review Halter, p. 416
Some people believe that taking this substance leads to new insights due to the illusions, hallucinations, and synesthesias (e.g., hearing colors or seeing sounds) that occur with this type of intoxication.
What are hallucinogens?
Review Halter, p. 415
Continuity of care occurs through a continuum and can include these settings.
What are detox, residential rehabilitation programs, halfway houses, partial hospitalization program PHP), intensive outpatient program (IOP), Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).
Review Halter, p. 427 ?
Based upon the "stages of change" theory, this technique uses a person-centered approach to strengthen motivation for change.
What is motivational interviewing?
Review Halter, p. 425
Typically begins 6 to 8 hours after the last use of the substance. It reaches intensity during the second or third day and then subsides during the next week.
What is opioid withdrawal?
Review Halter, p. 416
Characterized by altered gait, vestibular dysfunction, confusion, and several ocular motility abnormalities, the pathophysiological connection between these two problems is a thiamine deficiency, which may be caused by poor nutrition or by the malabsorption of nutrients.
What is Wernicke-Korsafkoff Syndrome?
Review Halter, p. 420
This class includes all prescription sleeping medications and almost all prescription antianxiety drugs. Craving is a typical feature.
What are sedatives, hypnotics, and antianxiety medications?
Review Halter, p. 417
This drug is used only after abstaining from opioids for 12 to 24 hours. It can bring on acute withdrawal for patients who have other opioids in their bloodstream.
What is buprenorphine (Subutex, Suboxone)
Review Halter, p. 417
A nursing outcome related to a nursing diagnosis of "hopelessness", related to lack of initiative, passivity, social isolation, seeing no alternatives or personal control, anger, seeing no meaning in life as evidenced by substance use or gambling.
What is "patient will express feelings of self-worth, verbalize sense of personal identity, express meaning in life, set goals, believe that actions impact outcomes"?
Review Halter, p.424