Substance Use
What is the highly addictive chemical in tobacco that affects the central nervous system?
Nicotine
What are the three emergency action steps that you should follow after recognizing that an emergency exists?
Check, Call, Care
What is the rate and depth of compressions in high-quality CPR for an adult?
100-120 per minute
at least 2 inches
Volume- half of a soda can
Flow- consistent movement or spurting
Define the terms stimulant and depressant.
Stimulant- A drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs
Depressant- A drug that decreases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs
What does the acronym SAM stand for?
S- signs and symptoms
A- allergies
M- medications and medical conditions
If you think someone is in cardiac arrest, what three things should you do?
1. Call or instruct someone to call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately and get the AED and first aid kit.
2. Begin CPR immediately.
3. Use an AED as soon as possible
When applying direct pressure with a dressing, what should you do if the wound bleeds through the dressing?
Place another layer on top of the dressing. Never remove the first layer.
Describe the differences between prescription meds, OTC meds, and illegal drugs.
Medicine - substances that, when taken or applied, help prevent or cure a disease or medical problem
Prescription - medicines that can only be used with the written approval of a licensed physician
Over-the-Counter - medicines you can buy without a doctor’s prescription
Illegal Drugs - drugs not prescribed by a doctor or bought at a drugstore
After determining that a person is unresponsive but breathing, how should you respond?
Recovery position and monitor
Position of Person - Ensure that the person is on their back on a firm, flat surface.
Hand Placement - Place the heel of one hand in the center of the person’s chest, with your other hand on top. Interlace your fingers and make sure the fingers are up off the chest.
Body Position - Position your body so that your shoulders are directly over your hands and lock your elbows to keep your arms straight.
When should you use a tourniquet?
Life-threatening bleeding on a limb
How might family, community, and cultural norms influence someone’s decision to use or not use a substance?
Family - Parental behavior/ Communication
Community - Availability/ Peer pressure
Cultural Norms - Values and beliefs/ Traditions
How can you determine if someone is responsive?
Shout-Tap-Shout
How do you administer breaths to an adult during CPR? (Assume you have PPE)
When caring for a person with bleeding, when should you apply direct pressure?
ALWAYS
Summarize some of the consequences (short-term or long-term) of substance abuse.
Short-Term Effects- Respiratory troubles, Yellowing skin, Increased heart rate, Fatigue, Nausea, Memory loss, Dehydration, Poor coordination, Mood change, Nausea and vomiting, Impaired judgement, Slower reaction time, etc.
Long-Term Effects - Cancer, Heart disease, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Brain damage, GI complications, Respiratory problems, Stroke, Mental health conditions, Organ damage, etc.
Explain how to respond to an adult that is responsive and choking.
Cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts.
Stand beside and slightly behind, arm diagonally across the chest, best at the waist, 5 firm blows with the heel of the hand directly between the shoulder blades.
Stand them back up, find the navel with two fingers, move behind, split their feet with your foot, make a fist with the other hand and place the thumb-side right above the navel, wrap the other hand around the fist, 5 firm thrusts inward and upward.
You should continue giving CPR for how long?
Until:
You notice an obvious sign of life, like breathing.
An AED is ready.
Another trained responder is available to take over compressions.
EMS personnel arrive and begin their care of the person.
You are alone and too tired to continue.
The scene becomes unsafe.
If non-life-threatening bleeding stops before EMS arrives, what should you do?
Check for circulation beyond the injury. Note the temperature and color of the skin and ask the person if there is any tingling or numbness. Place a bandage on the dressing. Check again for circulation beyond the injury. If there is any change, the bandage may be too tight, and you will need to carefully loosen the bandage.