Psychoactive Drugs
Users
Drug Effects
Overdose
Withdrawal
100
Alcohol most widely used of this class, then tranquilizers and barbiturates.
What are CNS depressants?
100
System activated by drug use
What is Brain Reward System (BRS)?
100
Slurred speech, impaired memory, unsteady gait
What is alcohol?
100
Coma, respiratory depression, aspiration. Maintain airway. Establish IV. Monitor LOC.
What is alcohol overdose?
100
Develops 6-8 hours after last alcohol intake. Sweating, increased BP and HR. N&V, anxiety, hand tremors.
What is Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS)?
200
Amphetamines, methamphetamines, cocaine, nicotine and caffeine.
What are stimulants?
200
Need for increased dose and frequency of use
What is tolerance?
200
Euphoria followed by sedation, motor retardation
What are opioids?
200
Sedation, respiratory depression, CNS depression, flumazinil can be antidote. Manage airway, V.S., lavage/charcoal
What are sedatives, hypnotics, antianxiety agents? (One answer okay)
200
"Flu-like symptoms" begin a few hours to few days after last dose. Peak in 2-3 days, last up to 2 weeks.
What is opioid withdrawal?
300
Block transmission of pain message to the brain - opiates.
What are narcotics?
300
Recreational use of drugs or alcohol
What is social use?
300
Euphoria, increased energy and mental alertness, sexual arousal, impaired judgment
What are cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine? (one answer okay)
300
Respiratory depression, malignant hypertension. Maintain airway, give nalaxone, monitor V.S.
What are opioids?
300
Severe craving, depression, fatigue, irritability, vivid and unpleasant dreams.
What is cocaine withdrawal?
400
Psychoactive chemincals such as marijuana and hashhish.
What is cannabis?
400
User experiences social or interpersonal problems
What is substance abuse?
400
Loss of teeth
What is "meth mouth"?
400
Panic, terror, violence. Tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, elevated BP. N & V, chills & diaphoresis. Seizures, respiratory depression. Hyperpyrexia. Manage arrhythmia, HTN, hyperthermia, seizures. May need to ventilate.
What is cocaine, stimulant overdose?
400
Same symptoms as alcohol. Can have seizures, especially if given flumazenil.
What is benzodiazepine withdrawal?
500
Distort perceptions of reality and thought processes
What are hallucinogens?
500
Marked by persistant desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down.
What is substance dependence?
500
Results in hallucinations, positive feelings for others
What is ecstasy?
500
Flushing, N&V, diaphoressis, throbbing headache, palpitations. If severe: coma, seizures, respiratory depression, death
What is an antabuse reaction?
500
Usually occurs on day 2 or 3 up to 14 days after last drink. Confusion, disorientation, hallucinations. Extreme tremors, agitation, diaphoresis, fever, tachycardia
What is Alcohol Withdrawal Delerium (formerly DTs)?
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