Phonology
A prosodic feature related to the rise and fall of pitch, used to convey meaning and manage turn-taking.
What is intonation?
A kind of word which compares two things, usually ends in 'er', e.g. 'taller'.
What is a comparative adjective?
A set of lexical items all related to a certain idea or topic
This structure combines two independent clauses using a coordinating conjunction like "for", "and", "nor", "but", "or", "yet" and "so".
What is a compound sentence?
Combinations of words which commonly occur together, such as 'fast food', 'make a decision' or 'heavy rain', creating predictability for readers and aiding cohesion.
What is collocation?
This connected speech process happens when a sound changes to resemble a neighboring sound, such as the "n" in "input" being pronounced as "imput".
What is assimiliation
A word formation process which involves adopting words from other languages, such as "ballet" from French?
What is a 'borrowing'?
A word or phrase used to express something in a harsh or potentially offensive way.
Dysphemism
A structure which does not contain either a subject or a verb, making it incomplete.
What is a fragment?
Includes non-verbal communication such as gestures and vocal effects such as laughter or whispering.
What are paralinguistic features?
The connected speech process that occurs when a vowel in an unstressed syllable is reduced to a less distinct sound, often becoming a schwa (ə).
What is vowel reduction?
This process creates new words by removing what is perceived as an affix, like forming "liaise" from "liaison"
What is backformation?
One refers to the literal meaning of a word and the other refers to the associated meanings, feelings or cultural values of a word.
What is the difference between denotation and connotation?
The structure / voice which does not mention the subject (doer) of the verb, such as "Mistakes were made."
What is agentless passive?
A strategy that utilises certain features in order to initiate, develop, change, terminate or loop back to a particular topic.
What is topic management?
The repetition of similar vowel sounds across several words or sentences.
What is assonance?
A word class which encompasses examples such as 'Hey!' and 'Woah!'
What are 'interjections'?
Language features related to how words relate in meaning, which fall under the term 'sense relations' (7).
What are synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, hypernymy, idioms, denotation and connotation?
The features known collectively as syntactic patterning (3).
What are listing, antithesis and parallelism?
Strategies such as apologising, thanking, saying please, hedging and being indirect.
The features known collectively as phonological patterning (6)
What are rhythm, rhyme, onomatopoeia, alliteration, consonance and assonance
Words or phrases used to give extra information about when, where, how, how often or the manner in which a verb is done.
What are adverbs?
The features known collectively as semantic patterning (10)
What are figurative language, irony, metaphor, oxymoron, simile, hyperbole, personification, animation, puns, lexical ambiguity?
The part of the sentence which the verb acts upon or towards.
What is the object?
Spoken discourse features (6)
What are openings and closings adjacency pairs, backchannels, overlapping speech, discourse markers/particles and non-fluency features?