Text Structure
What structure shows one event causing another?
The structure that shows one event causing another is __________.
Cause and effect.
What was one way subways improved public health?
One way subways improved public health was by __________.
reducing disease-causing horse manure in the streets.
What is the author’s main purpose?
The author’s purpose is to __________.
explain how subways changed and improved urban life.
Word: alleviated
In this passage, alleviated most nearly means __________.
reduced.
What expository technique is used when the author defines “rapid transit”?
The author uses the technique of __________ when they explain that rapid transit is __________.
The author uses the technique of definition when they explain that rapid transit is fast, local travel in a city.
What structure is used in paragraph 3 to explain why traffic improved?
In paragraph 3, the author uses __________ structure because __________.
In paragraph 3, the author uses cause and effect because moving travel underground caused traffic to decrease.
Why did people move out of crowded apartments?
People moved out of crowded apartments because __________.
subways allowed them to travel farther to work quickly and affordably.
What word shows the author’s opinion in the last paragraph?
The word __________ shows the author’s opinion because __________.
“forever” shows opinion because it emphasizes lasting impact.
Difference between mass transit and rapid transit?
Rapid transit is __________, while mass transit is __________.
Rapid transit is local, while mass transit travels long distances.
How does the author use statistics in paragraph 7 to support the central idea?
The author uses statistics in paragraph 7 to show __________.
The author uses statistics to show that millions still rely on subways, proving their ongoing importance.
Which paragraph uses sequence to show how subways spread across cities?
Paragraph ___ uses sequence because it explains events in __________ order.
Paragraph 1 uses sequence because it explains how subways started in London and then spread to other cities.
How did subways affect where people worked?
Subways affected where people worked by __________.
allowing people to live farther from the city center while still working there.
How does paragraph 5 support the author’s purpose?
Paragraph 5 supports the author’s purpose by __________.
acknowledging challenges but arguing that benefits are greater.
Word: urbanization
Urbanization means __________.
the growth and development of cities.
What is the purpose of listing multiple cities in paragraph 1?
The list of cities shows that __________.
The list shows that subways were widely adopted and impacted cities around the world.
Why is cause and effect a strong structure for this topic?
Cause and effect is a strong structure because it helps the reader understand __________.
Cause and effect is strong because it clearly explains how subways led to changes in traffic, health, and housing.
What challenges of subways does the author mention?
One challenge the author mentions is __________, but the author responds by __________.
overcrowding, but the author says the benefits outweigh the challenges.
Why does the author include a statistic in paragraph 7?
The author includes the statistic to __________.
emphasize that subways are still important today.
Word: infrastructure
Infrastructure is __________, and subways are an example because __________.
systems that support a city, and subways support transportation.
How does paragraph 5 use rebuttal to strengthen the author’s claim?
Paragraph 5 strengthens the author’s claim by __________.
It addresses common problems with subways (like overcrowding), then argues the benefits are still greater.
How would paragraph 4 change if it used compare/contrast instead?
If paragraph 4 used compare/contrast, it would be weaker because __________.
It would be weaker because the paragraph focuses on how subways caused people to live farther away, not comparing two things.
How did subways change city design?
Subways changed city design by __________.
making cities larger and less centralized.
Which structure best supports the author’s purpose—and why?
The structure that best supports the author’s purpose is __________ because __________.
Cause and effect because it clearly shows how subways led to improvements in city life.
Word: congestion
Congestion means __________, and in the passage it refers to __________.
overcrowding, especially on city streets.
How does the author use description + evidence to make a strong point in paragraph 3?
The author combines __________ and __________ to show that __________.
The author combines description of street traffic and evidence about public health to show that subways improved city life.