Key Concepts 1
The process that occurs when organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more successfully is called _______.
Natural Selection
What is a variant form of a gene called?
Allele
Define Evolution
The process of change in the heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations.
True or False
Humans directly evolved from apes.
False, they share a common ancestor that lived 6 to 8 million years ago, we evolved along a separate lineage from a common ape-like ancestor.
Dolphins and Whales belong to which group of animals?
a) Reptiles
b) Fish
c) Cetaceans
d) Amphibians
The idea that all life shares a common ancestor is know as?
Common Descent
Which scientist proposed the theory of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
Define Genetic Drift
Random fluctuations in the frequencies of alleles from generation to generation, often impacting small populations significantly.
In which country was the oldest DNA of a human species, specifically early members of the Neanderthal lineage?
a)France
b)Spain
c)Macao
b) In Spain the Pit of Bones cave in the Atapuerca Mountains where genetic material is dated to roughly 430,000 years ago and was extracted from hominin teeth and thighbones.
What animal did whales/dolphins evolve from?
a) Snake
b)The megalodon
c)4 legged mammals
d) The pirahna
c) 4 legged mammals gradually made the shift to relying on the water for protection, food and eventually full time habitat.
Which type of genetic drift is when a population is experiencing a drastic reduction in size due to a natural disaster?
Bottleneck effect
When a populations allele frequencies change purely by chance, it is called______.
Genetic Drift
Define Gene Flow
The transfer of genetic material (alleles) from one population to another through migration or interbreeding.
An extinct human relative is famous for being discovered in Germany's Neader Valley is called ______.
a) The Neanderthal
b) The Germany Monkey
c) The Homosapiens
a) The Neanderthal
What happened to the hind of legs of whale ancestors over time?
a)They became wings
b) They disappeared completely without a trace
c) They grew larger
d) They became vestigial structures.
d) They became vestigial structures.
What are the four main evolutionary drivers for evolution?
Mutation, Genetic Drift, Gene Flow and Natural Selection
Which scientist helped develop the idea of inheritance using pea plants?
Gregor Mendel
Define Coevolution
The process where two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution, often seen in predator-prey or plant-pollinator relationships.
How many ancestors does the average human have?
a) 46 million
b) 100 Million
c) 12 Billion
b) The average human has 100 Million unique ancestors.
True or False
The most modern animal that is the closest living land relative of whales is the hippopotamus.
True
The principle that organisms with advantangoeus traits leave more offspring, causing those traits to become more common over generations is called?
Survival of the fittest
The accumulation of inherited differences between populations can eventually lead to _______.
Speciation
Define Homologous Structures
Body parts that share a common evolutionary origin and underlying structure, even if they serve different functions.
Fossils found on this continent suggest that human ancestors evolved on this continent and no others, which continent is this?
Africa
During whale evolution, nostrils gradually moved up to the top of the head to form what part on their body?
a) Fin
b) Blowhole
c)Gill
d)Tail fluke
b) blowhole