Networking Basics
Name the device that connects multiple devices in a network and ensures data reaches its correct destination.
What is a switch?
What is the software layer that creates and manages virtual machines?
What is a hypervisor?
What is the main function of the CPU?
What is to process instructions?
What is the purpose of an APIPA address, and what is its range?
What is it assigns an IP address when DHCP fails; the range is 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255?
What is the main purpose of a firewall?
What is to monitor and control network traffic?
Describe what a default gateway does in a network.
What is it allows communication between devices in different networks?
Name a popular virtualization platform.
What is VMware, Hyper-V, or VirtualBox?
Name the component that temporarily stores data while the CPU processes it.
What is RAM?
Explain the role of a NAT device in a network.
What is it translates private IP addresses to a public IP address for internet access?
What is the default port for SSH traffic, and what is its primary use?
What is Port 22; it is used for secure remote login and command execution?
Explain the difference between TCP and UDP protocols.
What is TCP provides reliable, connection-oriented communication, while UDP is faster and connectionless?
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors?
What is Type 1 runs directly on hardware; Type 2 runs on a host OS?)
What is the difference between an SSD and an HDD?
What is SSDs are faster and have no moving parts, while HDDs use spinning disks?
What is a loopback address, and what is its typical IPv4 value?
What is it tests local network stack functionality; the IPv4 value is 127.0.0.1?
How do stateful and stateless firewalls differ in operation?
What is stateful firewalls track connection states, while stateless filter packets based on predefined rules?
What is ARP, and how does it work?
What is Address Resolution Protocol; it maps IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network?
Name one potential security risk associated with virtualization.
What is VM escape or hypervisor vulnerabilities?
What is the significance of the PCIe bus in modern motherboards?
What is it provides high-speed connections for GPUs, SSDs, and other peripherals?
Name a tool used to test network connectivity.
What is Ping or Traceroute?
What is a demilitarized zone (DMZ)/Screen subnet in networking?
What is a network segment exposed to the internet for hosting public-facing services?
What is the purpose of a subnet mask in networking?
What is to divide an IP network into subnets?
Explain the difference between a snapshot and a full backup in virtualization.
What is a snapshot captures the VM state and data at a specific point, while a full backup copies all files and configurations?
Explain how the CMOS battery supports the motherboard.
What is it powers the BIOS/UEFI to retain system settings when the computer is off?
How would you configure a static IP address in Windows?
What is through the network adapter settings?
How does a firewall use packet inspection to enhance security?
What is it examines packet headers and payloads to identify and block malicious traffic?