Punnett Squares
What does it mean to be homozygous?
Same two alleles.
Two big or two small letters
What is Meiosis?
Cell replication resulting in four different daughter cells.
What is transcription?
DNA to RNA
What is translation?
RNA makes proteins
What is a Mutation?
Change in DNA
What is a phenotype?
Physical characteristics. What you can see.
What are the four bases? (Letters)
A/T/C/G
Transcribe T T C G
A A G C
What does AUG code for?
Met or Start
What are the types of Mutations?
Point and Frameshift
What type of trait is Bb or BB?
Dominant trait
What is DNA's primary function?
Store genetic information
What are the base pairing rules?
(Who pairs with who?)
A pairs with T (U in RNA)
T pairs with A
C Pairs with G
G pairs with C
What is the chart we use to find amino acids?
____________ Chart
Codon Chart
What is a substitution mutation?
One base is changed to another
Example: C becomes A
Traits that are only expressed when two copies are present.
Example: bb
What shape is DNA found in?
Double Helix
Which base is replaced with U in RNA?
T
What are some roles of proteins?
Channels, Structure, Enzymes and Antibodies
Describe an Insertion/Deletion mutation without using the words insert/delete.
Bases are added in or taken out
Make and fill out a punnett square for the following cross: Bb X Bb
B x b
B BB Bb
x
b Bb bb
DNA's location
Nucleus
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
Where does translation occur?
Ribosome
Mutations can only happen one base at a time. T/F
False. Insertion/deletion can occur with multiple bases at a time.