1
The Concordat of Worms in 1122 resolved the struggle over lay investiture by declaring that the _____ had the sole power to choose bishops, but the Emperor could invest them with fiefs
Pope
King Henry II lay the foundation for England's system of "Common Law" by sending out traveling royal ____________ whose decisions became the basis of law for all of England.
justices
The Crusades affected the political power of European monarchs because the monarchs gained ________ and _____ as many nobles died in battle and their lands reverted to the crown.
power, wealth
Ferdinand and Isabella use the Spanish Inquisition to root out and punish heretics, Jews, and Muslims, enforcing strict _________ unity.
Catholic
The Black Death was carried to Europe primarily by merchant ships carrying infected ____and ____ from the Black Sea region to Italian ports
rats and fleas
The core issue in the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV was who had the right to appoint _________ and other church officials-also known as lay investiture.
bishops
A key principle established by the Magna Carta in 1215 is that English monarchs must ______ the law and cannot raise __________ without consulting a council.
obey, taxes
A major economic impact of the Crusades on Western Europe was that it accelerated the growth of a _______ economy and increased European demand for luxury trade goods
money
The campaign by Christian kingdoms to recapture Spain and Portugal from Muslim control is known as the __________
Reconquista
A major economic consequence of the Black Death in Europe was a severe shortage of __________ that allowed surviving peasants to demand higher wages and weakened serfdom
labor
The murder of Thomas Becket affected King Henry II's power over the Church because it forced him to back down from trying __________ in royal courts and submit to ___________ authority.
clergy, papal
Who does the House of Lords represents?
Nobles
The primary motives that prompted European knights to participate in the Crusades were religious zeal, the promise of forgiveness of _______, and the chance for ____________ or land.
sins, wealth
The invention of gunpowder weapons, such as the cannon, affected medieval society because it helped monarchs centralize ________ by allowing royal armies to ___________ the castles of rebellious nobles
control, breach
The underlying cause of the Hundred Years' War between England and France was that English kings claimed the _________ throne and wanted control of French lands
French
The major historical impact of the Norman Conquest of England in 1066 was that it blended Anglo-Saxon and _____________ cultures and centralized royal power in England.
French
Because of the historical legal principle of _______________ , English citizens could not be from arbitrarily arrested and imprisoned without a trial
Habeas Corpus
The immediate result of the First Crusade was that they captured ____________ and established four Christian states in the region
Jerusalem
A series of investigations designed to find and judge heretics is called what?
Inquisition
The introduction of the longbow change medieval warfare during the Hundred Years' War because it allowed English archers to defeat heavily armored French knights from a distance, reducing the importance of____________.
cavalry
What kind of system did William the Conqueror introduce?
Feudal
The _______________ harassed the pilgrims and marched on the Christian city of Constantinople
Seljuk Turks
The crusaders attacked, captured, and looted the Byzantine capital of Constantinople during the ___________Crusade
Fourth
To Europeans Christians, the Muslims in Spain were known as ______________.
Moors or Moros
Joan of Arc play a major role in the Hundred Years' War because she inspired French _____________ and led French armies to several key victories before being captured and burned at the stake.
national pride