ESS
What subsystem of ESS includes all the land, earth, and rock on the planet?
What is the geosphere?
This method involves analyzing layers of ice from glaciers to determine past atmospheric conditions.
What is ice core sampling?
The Holocene epoch began approximately how many years ago?
What is 11700 years ago?
This ancient civilization built the pyramids and relied heavily on the Nile River for agriculture.
What is Egypt?
What term describes external forces that alter the climate, such as solar energy, volcanoes, and greenhouse gases?
What are forcings?
What is the term for the study of tree rings to determine past climate conditions?
What is dendrochronology?
This early civilization flourished in the fertile region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
What is Mesopotamia?
Name one way climate change impacted the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia.
What is drought leading to agricultural decline?
Positive feedback in climate systems is when an initial change causes further change in the same direction. Give an example of a positive feedback mechanism.
What is melting polar ice causing further warming as the exposed water absorbs more solar energy?
Sediment layers at the bottom of lakes and oceans can provide climate data. What is this method called?
What is sediment analysis?
The end of the last Ice Age saw the beginning of this epoch, marked by a more stable and warmer climate.
What is the Holocene?
During the Middle Holocene, this region saw the rise of civilizations such as the Indus Valley and Harappan cultures.
What is India?
What are the four subsystems of Earth System Science?
What are the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere?
Human records that describe weather conditions, such as ship logbooks and weather diaries, are known as what?
What are narrative records?
The Little Ice Age was a period of cooling that lasted from approximately the 14th to the 19th century. Name one impact it had on human societies.
What is reduced agricultural productivity (or famines, population decline)?
Climate change played a role in the decline of this South American civilization known for its advanced engineering and agriculture.
What is the Inca Empire?
The greenhouse gas effect is crucial to understanding climate change. Name three greenhouse gases responsible for this effect.
What is carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor?
Name a type of instrumental record used to measure historical climate conditions.
What is a thermometer (or barometer, rain gauge)?
This significant climatic event in 536 CE is considered one of the worst years to be alive due to its severe global cooling effects.
What is the 536 event?
The Little Ice Age had significant effects on this European country, leading this empire to fail at finding a maritime route to China.
What is the Netherlands or Dutch empire