Nature of Science
Plant Structure
Immune System
Population Size
Human Impact
100
If a company claims that its product has been proven scientifically, which of the following should have taken place if the results are to be considered reliable?  
What is multiple trials or experiments
100
Terrestrial plants have stomata on the surface of their leaves. A single stomata is surrounded by two guard cells that change shape in response to environmental factors and open or close the stoma. Which of the following best explains how the structure of the leaf is used in processes that occur in plants?
What is Gases for photosynthesis are exchanged through the surface of the leaf.
100
After an initial infection, B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?
What is The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again. After an initial infection with a virus, B cells are able to recognize the virus and produce antibodies against it the second time. The person’s reaction to the virus will be lessened.
100
Data on the immigration and emigration of a fish species would be most helpful in determining which factor?
What is population of the species Population size is determined by births, deaths, immigration and emigration.
100
New fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. The purpose of this research is to
What is reduce the use of nonrenewable resources. The use of nonrenewable resources has negative effects for many ecosystems as well as human beings. New ways to use renewable resources for energy are now being developed.
200
Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person’s pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person’s pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person’s pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music. Which component is missing from Carmen’s experiment?
What is a control group
200
If the xylem in a young tree is damaged, which process is first affected?
What is absorbing water from the soil Xylem carries water and nutrients from the soil, up into the leaves. The water is used to carry out photosynthesis, the products of which are sugar and oxygen.
200
What is the body's first line of defense against infection by foreign organisms?
What is the skin The skin is the first line of defense against foreign organisms. It acts as a non-specific barrier to water and air-borne infectious agents.
200
When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for a certain population, which of the following is true?
What is Growth and immigration rate is equal to death and emigration rate. Carrying capacity is the maximum population size of a species that can exist in a given environment given the resources.
200
The presence of wastes, such as plastic bags and motor oil, in lakes and streams miles away from developed areas suggests that
What is ecosystems are interconnected and human action can alter ecosystem equilibrium. Human impacts on the environment can be far-reaching. What we do in our own area of the Earth, can effect what happens in other areas as well.
300
A part of the experiment when the conditions can be manipulated are referred to as:
What is the independent variable
300
A plant species lives in an area with limited sunlight. Which physiological adaptation would be most useful to the plant?
What is large leaves Leave are the part of a plant that contains chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are structures that contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight and allows the plant to make sugars. The larger the leaf surface a plant has, the more sunlight it can capture.
300
What is immunity?
What is The body's ability to produce cells that inactivate foreign cells or substances. The immune system produces specific and non-specific responses to pathogens, and foreign cells and substances. This process helps maintain homeostasis in individuals.
300
Which of the following are abiotic factors that shape ecosystems? A. worms, plants and temperature B. wind, precipitation, and soil type C. niches, trees, and bacteria D. sunlight, mushrooms, and wind
What is wind, precipitation, and soil type Abiotic factors are those that are non-living.
300
In a process called transpiration, plants get rid of excess water through pores in the leaves called stomata. This excess water is then released into the atmosphere as part of the water cycle. Which of the following terms best describes how the released water enters the atmosphere?
What is evaporation Water that is released by plants through transpiration evaporates into the atmosphere to rejoin the water cycle.
400
The first step in any scientific investigation is to
What is observe
400
What is the main function of leaves?
What is Leaves provide a place for photosynthesis to occur. Leaves contain chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis in plants.
400
Which of the following describes a way that a person's health can be affected by heredity (high blood pressure)?
What is A person with a family history of high blood pressure is more likely to have heart disease. Family history can affect a person’s health in some areas by making them more likely to contract certain diseases. The genes that code for some diseases are hereditary, and can be passed from generation to generation.
400
The common brushtail possum is a marsupial native to Australia. This possum was introduced to New Zealand where it had no natural predators and had an abundant food supply. Which of these likely occurred a few years after the introduction of this possum to New Zealand?
What is The possum population grew to a larger size. With no natural predators, the possum population was allowed to grow unchecked.
400
The framework of organic molecules essential to all organisms is composed mainly of carbon atoms. Which processes are involved in the cycling of carbon within an environment?
What is photosynthesis and respiration Photosynthesis captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and converts it to glucose. Cellular respiration converts glucose to carbon dioxide.
500
the structured procedure for collecting scientific information to test a hypothesis is called
What is an experiment
500
What is the main purpose of seeds in plants that have them?
What is To protect and distribute the zygote. A seed contains a complete zygote wrapped in a seed coat. The seed’s hard outer covering protects the seed until it can be dispersed, by wind or animals, to another location. This adaptation allows for a wider distribution of seed plants than those that do not have seeds.
500
Although vaccines cannot be used to treat a person who is sick, they can help to prevent infections. Vaccinations tell the body to create "memory cells", which will function later to create antibodies against certain pathogens. When a person is vaccinated, what are they injected with?
What is weakened viruses or antigens from the virus Vaccinations contain antigens or weakened viruses from specific infections. The viruses are too weak to cause illness in the patient, but strong enough to allow the body’s immune system to create B cells against the virus. These “memory cells” are stored in the body until the person is exposed to the virus at which point, they will create antibodies against the virus.
500
Why are there so few aquatic plants and phytoplankton that live at the bottom zones in the ocean?
What is Most sunlight is absorbed before reaching these levels. Plants and phytoplankton are primary producers that rely on the sun to carry out photosynthesis. The bottom zones of the ocean have little to no light.
500
Which of these organisms would most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid? A. clams - a primary consumer B. sardines - a primary consumer C. sharks - a secondary consumer D. kelp - a primary producer
What is sharks - a secondary consumer Energy pyramids show the amount of available energy with the lowest levels having the most energy. Producers are found at the bottom of the pyramid, while secondary consumers would be found at the top
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