Facts
The former president & runner-up to Thomas Jefferson in the election of 1800, who passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 and propelled the issues of MARBURY V. MADISON.
Who is John Adams?
This government document's lack of textual commitment for the federal government to be able to charter a bank led to the case of MCCOLLOCH V. MARYLAND in 1819.
What is the Constitution?
The principal established by Justice John Marshall during the ruling of the MARBUR V. MADISON case.
What is judicial review?
Prior to MARBURY V. MADISON, this aspect of the U.S government lacked the power to pass laws that overrode the Constitution.
What is Congress?
“A Law repugnant to the Constitution is void.” With these words written by Chief Justice Marshall, the Supreme Court for the first time declared a law passed by Congress and signed by the President as ________.
What is unconstitutional?
Chartered in 1816, this establishment had taxes imposed upon itself courtesy of a legislation from the state of Maryland.
What is the Second Bank of the United States?
This Act, overridden by Adams & Congress before Jefferson's presidency, contradicted with the Constitution in the Supreme Court's parameters of jurisdiction.
What is the Judiciary Act of 1789?
The court decided that this government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax them.
What is the Federal Government?
In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had implied powers under this part of the Constitution to create the Second Bank of the United States and that the state of Maryland lacked the power to tax the Bank.
What is Necessary and Proper Clause of Article I, Section 8?
From the concluding statement in MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND, the Justices write "We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the legislature of Maryland, imposing a ___ on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional and void."
What is a tax?
SCHENCK V. UNITED STATES was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court concerning enforcement of the ____________ of 1917 during World War I.
What is the Espionage Act?
Charles Schenck's criticism of the military draft of ___________ led to the case of SCHENCK V. UNITED STATES.
What is World War I?
Writing for a unanimous Court, this Supreme Court Justice ruled in favor of Charles Schenck's conviction in the SCHENCK V. UNITED STATES case.
Who is Oliver W. Holmes?
Articulating for the first time the “clear and present danger test,” the Supreme Court Justices concluded that speech that approaches creating a clear and present danger of a significant evil that Congress has power to prevent is not protected by this.
What is the First Amendment?
A unanimous Supreme Court in SCHECNK V. UNITED STATES concluded that Schenck and other defendants who urged resistance to the military draft could be convicted of an attempt to obstruct the draft, which is a ________ offense.
What is a criminal offense?
The first relevant case to BROWN V. BOARD occurred in 1951 when a public school district in ______, Kansas refused to allow Oliver Brown's daughter to enroll, forcing them to attend a school much farther away.
What is Topeka?
This clause was put into question during the proceedings of BROWN V. BOARD.
What is the "Equal Protection Clause"?
On May 17, 1954, this U.S. Supreme Court Justice delivered the unanimous ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education in Kansas.
Who is Earl Warren?
Thurgood Marshall's main argument in the BROWN V. BOARD case was that separate school systems for black students and white students were inherently unequal, and a violation of this.
What is the Fourteenth Amendment?
The lone dissenter of the BROWN V. BOARD ruling, interpreting the Constitution differently, stated, "Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens.", becoming the rallying cry for later generations working to declare segregation.
Who is John Marshal Harlan?
In 1901, the Tennessee General Assembly abandoned separate enumeration in favor of reliance upon the Federal Census and passed this in controversy.
What is the Apportionment Act?
The mayor of Millington, Tennessee & the lead plaintiff in BAKER V. CARR who argued that the state of Tennessee was ignoring a law passed 60 years prior to the case.
Who is Charles W. Baker?
This Supreme Court Justice wrote for the majority ruling in favor of Baker during the BAKER V. CARR case in a 6-2 Justice siding.
Who is William Brennan?
The Supreme Court ruled Baker's argument to be justified in BAKER V. CARR because the Tennessee General Assembly wouldn't do this.
What is apportionment?
Felix Frankfurter, joined by Justice John Marshall Harlan II, dissented the ruling of BAKER V. CARR, arguing that the Court had cast aside history and judicial restraint, and violated the __________between legislatures and Courts.
What is separation of powers?