1. MARBURY V. MADISON (1803)
2. MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND (1819)
3. SCHENCK V. UNITED STATES (1919)
In deciding this case about judicial appointments, the court established the principle of judicial review,
empowering the Supreme Court to declare an act of the legislative or executive branch unconstitutional.
In deciding this case about a national bank and state taxes, the court established the supremacy of the U.S.
Constitution and federal laws over state laws.
Speech creating a “clear and present danger” was not protected by the First Amendment and could be
limited.
Marbury v. Madison (1803):
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819):
Schenck v. United States (1919):
Marbury v. Madison (1803):
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819):
Schenck v. United States (1919):
Marbury v. Madison (1803):
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819):
Marbury v. Madison (1803):
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819):
Schenck v. United States (1919):
4. BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION (1954)
5. BAKER V. CARR (1962)
6. ENGEL V. VITALE (1962)
Race-based school segregation violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
This case held that redistricting did not raise political questions, allowing federal courts to hear other
cases that challenge redistricting plans that may violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth
Amendment.
School sponsorship of religious activities violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954):
Baker v. Carr (1962):
Engel v. Vitale (1962):
Brown v. Board of Education (1954):
Baker v. Carr (1962):
Engel v. Vitale (1962):
Brown v. Board of Education (1954):
Baker v. Carr (1962):
Brown v. Board of Education (1954):
Baker v. Carr (1962):
Engel v. Vitale (1962):
Declared that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause.
Established that redistricting issues are justiciable, allowing federal courts to review and address challenges to redistricting.
Ruled that school-sponsored prayer violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.
7. GIDEON V. WAINWRIGHT (1963)
8. TINKER V. DES MOINES INDEPENDENT
9. NEW YORK TIMES CO. V. UNITED STATES (1971)
In this case, the Sixth Amendment’s right to an attorney extends procedural due process protections to
felony defendants in state courts.
COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT (1969)
A prohibition against public school students wearing black armbands in school to protest the Vietnam
War violated the students’ freedom of speech protections in the First Amendment.
This case bolstered the freedom of the press protections of the First Amendment, establishing a “heavy
presumption against prior restraint” even in cases involving national security.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963):
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963):
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963):
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969):
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971):
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963):
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969):
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971):
Extended the Sixth Amendment right to counsel to felony defendants in state courts, ensuring procedural due process.
Held that students' right to wear armbands in protest is protected by the First Amendment.
Reinforced press freedom by establishing a strong presumption against prior restraint, even for national security issues.
10. WISCONSIN V. YODER (1972)
11. SHAW V. RENO (1993)
12. UNITED STATES V. LOPEZ (1995)
Compelling Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violates the Free Exercise Clause of
the First Amendment.
Under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, majority-minority districts, created under
the Voting Rights Act of 1965, may be constitutionally challenged by voters if race is the only factor used
in creating the district.
Congress exceeded its power under the Commerce Clause when it made possession of a gun in a
school zone a federal crime.
Resolution: The Supreme Court ruled that compelling Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violated their First Amendment right to freely exercise their religion. The Court found that the state's interest in compulsory education did not outweigh the Amish community's right to practice their religion, which includes the decision to withdraw children from formal education after the eighth grade.
Resolution: The Supreme Court held that while race can be considered in redistricting, districts drawn predominantly based on race may be subject to strict scrutiny and constitutional challenge. The Court found that the unusually shaped district in question, which was drawn to ensure minority representation, was so racially motivated that it raised constitutional concerns and required further judicial review to ensure compliance with the Equal Protection Clause.
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972):
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972):
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972):
Shaw v. Reno (1993):
United States v. Lopez (1995):
Determined that requiring Amish students to attend school beyond the eighth grade infringes on their Free Exercise rights.
Allowed constitutional challenges to majority-minority districts if race is the predominant factor in their creation.
Held that Congress exceeded its Commerce Clause authority by making gun possession in school zones a federal crime.
13. MCDONALD V. CHICAGO (2010)14. CITIZENS UNITED V. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION (2010)
14. CITIZENS UNITED V. FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION (2010)
Political spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is a form of protected speech under
the First Amendmen
The Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense is applicable to the states.
Political spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is a form of protected speech under
the First Amendment.
McDonald v. Chicago (2010):
McDonald v. Chicago (2010):
McDonald v. Chicago (2010):
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010):
Incorporated the Second Amendment right to bear arms for self-defense against state and local governments.
Affirmed that political spending by corporations and unions is protected as free speech under the First Amendment.