The 1960's
This landmark 1966 U.S. Supreme Court case established the "Miranda rights," requiring law enforcement to inform suspects of their Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination and Sixth Amendment right to an attorney before custodial interrogation.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
This was a landmark 1944 Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which authorized the forced relocation and incarceration of over 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry during World War II.
What is Korematsu v. United States?
In this 1972 case, the Supreme Court ruled that the state of Wisconsin could not compel Amish parents to send their children to school past the eighth grade because it violated their rights under the First Amendment's Free Exercise Clause, determining that the Amish parents' fundamental right to religious freedom
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder?
There are four of these currently serving on the Supreme Court.
What are women?
This is a landmark 1919 Supreme Court case that established the "clear and present danger" test for limiting free speech, ruling that the First Amendment does not protect speech that poses a significant threat to national security, particularly during wartime.
What is Schenck v. United States?
This is a landmark 1974 Supreme Court case that unanimously ruled President Richard Nixon must release evidence for a criminal trial, establishing that no person, not even the president, is above the law and significantly limiting the scope of executive privilege.
What is United States v. Nixon?
This is a landmark 1969 U.S. Supreme Court case that ruled that students and teachers do not "shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate".
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
This was a landmark Supreme Court decision that ruled African Americans were not citizens and had no right to sue in federal court.
What is Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)?
This is a landmark 1985 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the standard of "reasonable suspicion" for searches of public school students by school officials, rather than the stricter "probable cause" required for law enforcement, which is not a violation of students' 4th Amendment rights.
What is New Jersey v. T.L.O.?
The Supreme Court's decision in this landmark 1973 case found that the right to privacy, primarily under the Ninth Amendment, included a pregnant woman's choice regarding abortion, balanced against the government's interests in maternal health and potential life.
What is Roe v. Wade?
This landmark 1969 U.S. Supreme Court Ruling established that speech can only be restricted if it is directed at inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action.
What is Brandenburg v. Ohio?
This is a legal term for court rulings that are based, at least in part, on judges' personal political, social, or moral opinions rather than a strict interpretation of existing laws or a close adherence to precedent.
What is Judicial Activism?
The is Ms. Baranski's favorite president.
Who is Theodore Roosevelt?
This was a landmark Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine, which provided the legal justification for Jim Crow laws and racial segregation in public facilities across the American South for nearly six decades.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This landmark 1986 Supreme Court case ruled that public schools have the authority to prohibit student speech that is vulgar, lewd, or plainly offensive, even if it is not legally obscene or disruptive.
What is Bethal School District v. Frasier?
This is the Supreme Court's practice of allowing at least four of the nine justices to grant a writ of certiorari, which is a request to review a lower court's decision.
What is the "Rule of Four"?
The U.S. Supreme Court's unanimous decision in this case held that the First Amendment protects the right to publish all statements about the official conduct of public officials, even false ones, unless they were made with actual malice.
What is New York Times Co. v. Sullivan?
This is a legal philosophy in which judges limit the exercise of their own power, practice restraint, and are hesitant to strike down laws, relying on established legal principles, such as precedent (stare decisis) and the plain text of the law, rather than their personal or political beliefs.
What is Judicial Restraint?
This landmark 1961 U.S. Supreme Court case established the exclusionary rule, which prohibits prosecutors from using evidence obtained through an illegal search or seizure that violates the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
What is Mapp v. Ohio?
This was a landmark Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional and that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" and thus violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
In this landmark 2002 Supreme Court case, the Court reasoned that students who participate in extracurricular activities have a lower expectation of privacy and that the school district's need to ensure student safety and health through mandatory drug testing did not violate the students' Fourth Amendment rights.
What is the Board of Education of Independent School District of Pottawatomie County v. Earls?
This is a 1976 landmark Supreme Court case that held the death penalty is not inherently "cruel and unusual punishment" under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, allowing its use with proper procedures.
What is Gregg v. Georgia?
This was a landmark Supreme Court case that set a precedent allowing public schools to regulate the content of student speech in school-sponsored activities, such as a school newspaper, in a way that is "reasonably related to legitimate educational concerns".
What is Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier?
In this landmark 1819 Supreme Court case, the Court unanimously held that the state of Maryland could not tax the Second Bank of the United States. The ruling affirmed Congress's implied powers under the "necessary and proper" clause and established the supremacy of federal law over state law.
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
This is a landmark 1963 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously ruled that the Sixth Amendment's right to legal counsel is a fundamental right essential to a fair trial and must be applied to state court systems via the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
DOUBLE THE MONEY?
This was a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that busing students was a constitutional and appropriate remedy for racial segregation in public schools. The decision led to the widespread use of court-ordered busing plans across the United States, particularly in the South, to enforce school integration.
What is Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education ?
DOUBLE THE POINTS!
This was a landmark Supreme Court case that held that Texas's public school finance system, which relied heavily on local property taxes and resulted in significant inter-district disparities in per-pupil funding, did not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
What is San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez?
Quadruple the points!!!!!
This landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision, issued on June 24, 2022, overturned Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey, eliminating the federal constitutional right to abortion. The ruling returned the authority to regulate or ban abortion to individual state governments
What is Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization?
The Supreme Court determined that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose a school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools in this case.
What is Engel v. Vitale?
This is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established judicial review, the power of federal courts to invalidate legislative and executive actions that are unconstitutional.
What is Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
This was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court held that federal courts have the authority to hear constitutional challenges to state legislative redistricting plans, this decision was pivotal in establishing the principle of "one person, one vote," fundamentally changing the nature of political representation in the United States.
What is Baker v. Carr?
This is a landmark Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of affirmative action in higher education admissions, specifically the University of Michigan Law School's policy, provided race was used as one factor among many in a holistic, individualized review process. The Court ruled that achieving a diverse student body was a "compelling state interest".
What is Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)?
This is a significant Supreme Court case that affirmed the First Amendment rights of public school students to refuse to salute the American flag and recite the Pledge of Allegiance.
What is West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette?
The Supreme Court's decision in this case established that while a competent individual has a constitutional right to refuse medical treatment, states can require "clear and convincing evidence" of an incompetent patient's wishes before allowing the termination of life support.
What is Cruzan v. Missouri Department of Health (1990)?
TRIPLE THE MONEY?
This 1971 case is commonly referred to as the "Pentagon Papers" case.
What is New York Times Co. v. United States?
TRIPLE THE POINTS!!
This is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that settled the dispute over the Florida vote recount in the presidential election, effectively awarding the presidency to George W. Bush. The controversial 5-4 decision halted a manual ballot recount, citing equal protection violations and a looming federal deadline.
What is Bush v. Gore (2000)?
DOUBLE THE MONEY?
This was a landmark Supreme Court case that unanimously held the Sixth Amendment's right to a speedy trial is a fundamental right applicable to state criminal proceedings through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
What is Klopfer v. North Carolina (1967)?
TRIPLE THE POINTS
This was a landmark 1967 U.S. Supreme Court case that unanimously declared state laws banning interracial marriage unconstitutional, effectively legalizing interracial marriage across the United States.
What is Loving v. Virginia?
TRIPLE THE MONEY?
In this Supreme Court Case, the core question was whether public school students facing a temporary suspension from school were entitled to notice and a hearing under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In a 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the students, affirming that because Ohio guaranteed the right to a public education, it could not deprive students of that right for misconduct without employing fundamentally fair procedures.
What is Goss v. Lopez (1975)?
This was a landmark Supreme Court case that held the state-supported Virginia Military Institute's (VMI) all-male admissions policy unconstitutional. The Court ruled that Virginia violated the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause because it failed to provide an "exceedingly persuasive justification" for excluding women from the unique educational opportunities VMI offered.
What is United States v. Virginia (1996)?
The precedent set in this landmark Supreme Court Case is that public school students have freedom of speech and expression under the First Amendment, which school officials cannot censor unless it substantially disrupts the educational environment or infringes on the rights of others.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)?
Riddle: I’m born as an idea, travel through votes, and await a signature to become law’s notes.
Hint: A proposed law before it’s signed.
What is a Bill?