Amendments
Constitutional amendments are meant to protect the citizens against ...
This 1803 case established the principle of judicial review and helped cement the judicial branch as equal to the other two branches of government by giving it equal power.
Marbury v. Madison
These post-Civil War laws severely limited the rights of newly freed African Americans in the South.
Black Codes
This 1954 decision officially overturned Plessy v. Ferguson in public education.
Brown v. Board of Education
This in a deeply flawed legal doctrine established in the 1896 Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson, which upheld racial segregation laws under what rationale?
Seperate but equal
This amendment ended slavery in the United States.
13th
Which famous founding father argued that the judicial branch needed to be strengthened and have the power of a co-equal branch of government in Federalist 78?
Hamilton
This clause in the 14th Amendment ensures that no state can deny any person equal treatment under the law.
Equal Protection Clause
Who was the lawyer who argued Brown v. Board before becoming the first African American Supreme Court Justice?
Thurgood Marshall
What are expressed powers?
Expressed powers are powers explicitly written in the U.S. Constitution.
What amendenet protects against cruel and unusual punnishment?
8th
This 1857 case ruled that enslaved people were property, not citizens and is arguably the worst Supreme Court desision ever.
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Which case determined that Native Americans are not citizens if they were born on reservations and thus could not vote?
Elk v. Wilkins
In Korematsu v. United States (1944), on what basis did Justice Jackson dissent? On which amendment is their dissent based?
14th amendment
Jackson argued that the exclusion order legitimized racial discrimination and was contrary to American democracy, particularly while fighting against fascism.
This system divides power between the national and state governments.
Federalism
The First Amendment protects what specific rights? (at least 3)
speech, religion, press, and assembly, and petition
This 1819 case affirmed the supremacy clause and implied powers of Congress
McCulloch v. Maryland
Which case used the (always untrue and abhorent) phrase “separate but equal” to justify legalized racism?
Plessy v. Ferguson
How was the Dred Scott decision overturned?
Passage of the 13th and 14th amendments
This power allows the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional.
Judicial Review
This amendment created the Equal Protection Clause
14
What was the major legal legacy of the decision in Loving v. Virginia?
Ppholding marriage as a fundamental right under the Fourteenth Amendment.
This decision stated that laws banning interracial marriage violated this clause of the 14th Amendment.
Loving v. Virginia
"The law regards man as man, and takes no account of his surroundings or of his color when his civil rights are involved." This quote from Justice Harlan's dissent in which case was considered "a guiding light" by Thurgood Marshall.
Plessy v Ferguson
What are implied powers?
Implied powers are not directly stated but are reasonably inferred as necessary to carry out the expressed powers
What did the 15th Amendment do?
Gave (some/male) citizens the right to vote
In Marbury v. Madison, what had Marbury been seeking from the court?
A write of mandamus
In what case did the Court hold that compulsory exclusion of citizens during times of war is justified in order to reduce the risk of espionage?
Korematsu v. United States
Which President signed the civil liberties Act of 1988 which payed restitution of Japanese Americans who were interned?
Ronald Reagan
Which clause in the Constitution says when state and federal laws conflict, the federal law prevails, ensuring a consistent and unified legal system across the country. This clause gives the federal government the power to preempt state law and ensures that state courts are bound by the Constitution and federal laws.
Supremacy Clause