Words Matter
This term refers to false written statements damaging reputation.
What is libel?
This case required police to inform suspects of their rights.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
This case established that students retain free speech rights in school.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
It is not protected speech to yell "fire" in a movie theatre except when ...
There is actually a fire.
There is no one else there/ the statement does not or is not intended to cause panic.
This standard is used to evaluate restrictions on speech, particularly during times of conflict or when such speech might incite illegal action.
What is "Clear and Present Danger"?
LB Sullivan had this job___ and sued these people___ for this reason___.
What is L.B. Sullivan was a Montgomery, Alabama, City Commissioner in charge of public affairs and police. He sued the New York Times Company and four Alabama clergymen for libel because a 1960 civil rights advertisement contained minor factual inaccuracies that he claimed damaged his reputation and implied his responsibility for police actions against protesters.
This term refers to false spoken statements damaging reputation.
What is slander?
This case required states to provide attorneys to defendants who cannot afford one.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
This case ruled the government could not stop newspapers from publishing classified documents.
What is the New York Times Co. v. United States?
This standard for restricting speech in schools is based on a REASONABLE FORECAST of SUBSTANTIAL DISRUPTION.
What is the Tinker Test?
This is the standard for Prior Restraint.
It will SURELY result in the DIRECT, IMMEDIATE, and IRREPARABLE damage to our nation and its people.
This figure, who became famous in the world of boxing, was connected to this case because he was running a "numbers game."
Who is Don King?
This standard must be proven in defamation cases involving public officials.
What is actual malice?
(reckless disregard or knowing falsity)
This case applied the evidentiary exclusionary rule to the states as well as the federal government.
What is Mapp v. Ohio?
This case set the “actual malice” standard for defamation of public officials.
What is New York Times v. Sullivan?
This broader concept refers to fairness in legal and judicial proceedings.
What is due process?
Justice Abe Fortas said:
"It can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression___________".
What is "at the schoolhouse gate"?
The religion that informed Mary Beth Tinker's decision to protest the war with a black armband.
What is the Quaker faith?
This doctrine enforces constitutional protections by making sure tainted evidence cannot be used at trial.
What is the exclusionary rule?
This case extended due process rights to juveniles.
What is In re Gault?
This case involved the Pentagon Papers.
What is New York Times Co. v. United States?
This concept protects the press from government censorship before publication.
What is prior restraint?
This Quote from Judge Murray Gurfein is from what case:
"Security also lies in the value of our free institutions. A cantankerous press, an obstinate press, a ubiquitous press must be suffered by those in authority in order to preserve the even greater values of freedom of expression and the right of the people to know.”
What is NY Times Co v. United States, 1971?
What is Trisha Nixon's wedding?
These things are needed for defamation. (name 3)
What are
A court order to stop you from doing/printing something.
What is an injunction?
The Sedition and Espionage Acts of 1917 and 1918 did this.
What is made criticism of the goverment a crime?
This principle supports open debate as a way to discover truth and limit harmful ideas.
The Marketplace of ideas
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said "The best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the _____".
What is "market"?
How Ernesto Miranda died.
What is: he died from stab wounds after a fight in a Phoenix bar?
This is the standard for defamation of a private citizen (non-public figure).
What is proving that the defendant acted with negligence/ made without reasonable care?
This case applied Fourth Amendment protections against violations involving search and seizure to state courts.
What is Mapp v. Ohio?
This is always a defense against defamation charges.
What is (telling) the TRUTH?
This is what free speech means?
What is the ability to withhold private life in the public sphere (privacy) and the ability to express your private life in the public sphere (expression)
The ruling in this case established that inflammatory speech is protected unless it is intended and likely to, incite imminent _______.
What is "lawless action"?
All Dollree Mapp's friends called her this.
What is Dolly?