Cancer Basics
Localized (or in situ)
What is the term for a tumor that has not spread beyond its site of origin?
Patient identification and informed consent verification
What is the nurse’s top priority before surgery?
Atelectasis
What is the most common early postoperative complication?
Neutropenia
What is the main side effect of chemotherapy that affects infection risk?
Provide education, encourage self-care, and involve a wound/ostomy nurse
How should a patient with a new ostomy be supported?
Tumor, Node, Metastasis
What does TNM stand for in cancer staging?
To reduce anxiety and promote recovery
Why is preoperative teaching especially important in oncology surgery?
Lymphedema
A patient post-mastectomy complains of arm swelling — what is this complication called?
What medication helps prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea?
Ondansetron (Zofran)
Support groups, counseling, or social work
What psychosocial support resource can oncology nurses recommend?
Breast cancer
What is the most common type of cancer treated surgically in women?
Skin prep / Chlorhexidine wash / Hair clipping (not shaving)
Name one nursing action to reduce infection risk before surgery.
Separation of incision edges, drainage, or visible underlying tissue
What are the signs of wound dehiscence?
Chemo-rated gloves, gown, and eye protection
What PPE should nurses wear when handling cytotoxic drugs?
High protein and vitamin C intake
What dietary teaching supports wound healing?
Excisional biopsy
Which type of biopsy removes an entire lump or lesion?
Platelet count or coagulation studies (PT/INR, aPTT)
What lab value should be checked to evaluate bleeding risk pre-op?
Early ambulation, SCDs, or anticoagulants
What intervention helps prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Leakage of chemotherapy drugs into surrounding tissue
What does “extravasation” mean?
To prevent fluid accumulation and promote healing
What is the purpose of a surgical drain after tumor removal?
Metastasis
What term describes cancer spread through the bloodstream or lymphatic system?
Participate in the surgical time-out and confirm the site
What is the nurse’s role in verifying a surgical site?
Reinforce dressing and notify surgeon immediately
What should the nurse do if a patient’s surgical dressing is saturated with blood?
Frequent oral care with non-alcohol mouthwash
What nursing intervention helps reduce mucositis risk in chemo patients?
Encourage expression of feelings, provide resources, involve mental health professionals
How can nurses promote body image adaptation after disfiguring surgery?