Body's 1st line of defense
Body's 2nd line of defense
Body's 3rd line of defense
Immunity
Hypersensitivity
100
When the ____ is damaged, as it is when the surgeon makes the initial incision for a procedure, it immediately creates an opening for the invasion of microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus
What is skin
100
'garbage' collectors of the human body
What are phagocytes
100
another name for the body's 3rd line of defense
What is immunity
100
antibodies produced by the stimulated lymphocytes
What is natural active acquired immunity
100
abnormal immune response that occurs within a few minutes to 24 hours
What is immediate hypersensitivity
200
The __________ ___________ and cilia line the nose, nasal passages, trachea, and bronchi
What is mucous membranes
200
complement; inactive until needed. binds to many variations of antigen-antibody complexes
What are blood proteins
200
these are produced by lymphocytes that bind with microbes to inactivate and destroy them
What are antibodies
200
gained by vaccination
What is artificial active acquired immunity
200
abnormal immune response that can range from mild to life threatening, occurs after 24 hours
What is delayed hypersensitivity
300
The ___________ of the stomach are highly acidic and those of the intestine are alkaline
What are secretions
300
proteins produced by leukocytes, T lymphocytes, and fibroblasts when they are infected or exposed to a virus or other foreign particle of nucleic acid
What are interferons
300
antibodies are stimulated to form due to the presence of this
What are pathogens
300
antibodies present in the bloodstream of a pregnant female cross the placenta to reach the fetus
What is natural passive acquired immunity
300
examples include hay fever and asthma; symptoms and reactions depend on how the allergen enters the body and where the IgE attaches. treated with over the counter anti-histamines
What is a localized allergic reaction
400
the optimal pH of human skin
What is 5.5
400
many pathogens produce pyrogenic secretions to trigger this; increase in body temperature
What is a fever
400
circulating antibodies effective against pathogens that cause disease
What is individual development of immunity
400
created by transferring antibodies from an immune person to a susceptible person
What is artificial passive acquired immunity
400
most severe and life threatening type of reaction; Initial symptoms can include: * restlessness * itching * skin flushing * headache * ear ringing * metallic taste * difficulty breathing * elevated blood pressure * increased heart rate
What are anaphylactic reactions
500
the reason for bladder infections being more frequent in females than males
What is a shorter urethra
500
The human body responds to injury, bacterial toxins, and pathogens by initiating this in order to: * prevent further spread of pathogen * localize and contain the infection * contain and neutralize the toxins so they don't enter the bloodstream and cause a severe systemic infection * aid in the repair of damaged tissues
What is the inflammatory response
500
found in the lympph fluid, plasma, and other secretions
What are humoral antibodies
500
relies on macrophages and T cells to control chronic infections; controls but does not eliminate the cause of infection
What is cell mediated immunity
500
when blood is not properly matched to the patient's blood type; a type II immediate hypersensitivity reaction
What is a hemolytic transfusion reaction
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