Black Hole Sun
What is the term for when the earth is closest to the sun and when does it occur?
Perihelion; January 23
What are the 3 most abundant, constant gases in the atmosphere?
Nitrogen (N2); Oxygen (O2); and Argon (Ar)
Name 2 sources of natural atmospheric pollution.
Volcanoes, forest fires, plants, decaying plants, soil, ocean
List 4 types of heat transfer.
Convection, advection, conduction, radiation
When water evaporates it ________ energy from the immediate environment and _______ temperature.
absorbs; lowers
Fusion of 2 hydrogen atoms into one helium atom
In what layer of the atmosphere are ozone molecules concentrated?
Stratosphere
What is the source of most urban air pollutants? What pollutant are these sources releasing?
Cars and trucks; carbon monoxide (CO)
Term used to describe the bending of light or EMR as it moves through different media.
Refraction
Sunlight can penetrate water and warm it. We can, then, get a mixing of warm and cold water due to vertical distribution of energy of in the oceans. What is the term for this type of energy (in this case water) movement?
Convection
Shortwave radiation; longwave radiation
What is the normal lapse rate of temperature through the troposphere?
6.4C/1000m or 3.5F/1000ft
Sulfur dioxides and nitrogen dioxides react with what to form what? (3 very specific answers needed).
H2O; sulfuric acid; nitric acid
Moon, forests, snow.
What does SST stand for?
Sea Surface Temperature
What is the term for the balance between incoming short-wave energy from the sun and all outgoing radiation from earth?
Net radiation
What chemicals are responsible for the breakdown of ozone?
CFCs
Describe the term for the delayed trend when acid rain enters and aquifer and begins dissolving rocks and minerals?
Cation leaching which raises pH
What four principles control temperature on Earth?
Insolation driven by latitude; altitude/elevation; cloud cover; land-water heating differences
What is the term used to describe areas of hotter temperatures in cities and why do these occur?
Urban Heat Island Effect - low albedo surfaces; dome of pollution traps particulates which trap heat
List the 5 factors that control seasonality on Earth.
Revolution, tilt, rotation, axial parallelism, sphericity
What is the significance of the Montreal Protocol?
Global reduction of CFCs
The 1990 Clear Air Act Amendments have reduced SO4 deposition by how much so far?
~70%
Explain why there is a lag between the time of maximum solar insolation and the time of maximum temperature in a given day?
Lag - It takes some amount of time for surfaces to absorb incoming insolation
Would you expect Oklahoma City or Portland, Oregon to have a larger daily temperature swing? Explain why.
Oklahoma - continental effect vs. marine effect