Urban Runoff
What is the immediate impact of urban runoff to an aquifer?
Decreased infiltration
What are two major negative aspects of Integrated Pest Management?
May be expensive & time consuming
This method of sustainable agriculture involves the use of trees and other large plants which will reduce erosion and serve as habitat for pollinators.
Windbreaks
What percentage of a fishery must be depleted in order to consider it collapsed?
90%
Forestry management relates most closely to which ecosystem service?
Provisioning
What is the term for the process of growing only one type of agricultural product in an area over several seasons?
Monocropping
This type of irrigation is the most environmentally conscious, but it also the most expensive.
Drip Irrigation
This pest control method involves a wide range of chemicals that can be broad or may target specific pest species.
Pesticides
This strategy to reduce urban runoff allows for a recharge of groundwater and a reduction of flooding. It may be expensive.
Permeable pavement
What is the name of the practice that involves introducing a natural predator, parasite or competitor to control the pest population?
Biocontrol
This method of sustainable agriculture includes the creation of horizontal beds along a steep slope which allows water to infiltrate instead of runoff and reduces erosion.
Terracing
What are two benefits of aquaculture as compared to terrestrial meat production?
1. Less land/space needed
2. Less fuel needed
3. Less freshwater needed.
This method of forestry management involves harvesting the largest and oldest trees in a given area.
Selective cutting
While it makes planting easier, this process leads to increased erosion over time.
Tilling
Least expensive and efficient irrigation method that can cause harm to plants
Flood irrigation
Identify two major concerns with the use of pesticides
1. Pests develop genetic resistance.
2. Contamination of food/water sources
Rain Gardens
Describe the two major benefits of crop rotation for IPM.
1. Limit food source and/or prevent establishment of pest colonies.
2. Limit development of weeds due to different planting/growing times.
This method of sustainable agriculture is also a strategy for integrated pest management. It involves alternating dense crops (hay/wheat) with less dense crops (corn/cotton)
Strip Cropping (Intercropping)
Due to the high density of fish and their waste, what are two major concerns related to aquaculture related to the waste?
1. Release of waste with disease organisms
2. Waste release leading to eutrophication.
When natural fires are suppressed, what is the immediate consequence in the ecosystem?
Buildup of biomass
What are two benefits of the slash and burn agricultural practice?
Returns nutrients to the soil and room to grow fields of crops
Poor irrigation techniques can lead to the buildup of this material as water evaporates
Salt
What is created when genetic material for pest resistance is incorporated into the DNA of a crop species?
GMO, genetically modified organism
Identify two strategies to combat urban runoff that do not include soil/road types or vegetation.
Public transportation & Building Up, not out
Describe the "Push" and the "Pull" of intercropping.
Push - plants emit chemicals that drive pests away
Pull - plants emit chemicals that attract plants away from crop species.
When you can't remember another form of sustainable agriculture, use this one on an FRQ! It involves leaving crop remains after a harvest.
No Till
What are two major concerns for wild populations of fish located near aquaculture areas?
1. Disease
2. GMO escape and breeding with wild populations
3. Antibiotic contamination in the water
Instead of fire suppression, this strategy can give forests renewal while still protecting habitats and property.
Prescribed burns
What are three disadvantages of using synthetic fertilizers?
1. No organic matter returned to soil
2. Decreased water holding capacity
3. No additional soil decomposers
4. Contaminate drinking water
5. Lead to eutrophication
Irrigation method that is second in efficiency and second in most cost.
Why is disease a major concern for GMO crops?
All crops are genetically identical so they will all be harmed by the same disease.
Name three pollutants that are associated with urban runoff AND their impact on ecosystems.
1. Salt - Plant and insect death
2. Sediment - Increased turbidity (low DO/Photosynthesis)
3. Fertilizer - Eutrophication
4. Pesticides - Kill non-target species
5. Oil & Gasoline - Suffocate fish/kill aquatic insects
Identify three major benefits of IPM.
1. Reduce death and mutation of non-target species.
2. Reduce consumption and negative health consequences of consuming food treated with pesticide
3. Reduce contamination of groundwater with pesticide.
Identify three sustainable agriculture strategies that can improve soil fertility.
1. Crop rotation
2. Cover crops
3. Green manure
4. Limestone
Due to the lack of storms and the large amount of surface water, this Star Wars planet would be an ideal location for aquaculture.
Naboo
Once trees have been removed from an area, identify three sustainable strategies that can be used related to forestry management.
1. Use recycled wood or reuse wood without recycling.
2. Use extra wood pieces for mulch
3. Replant
In regards to the impacts of tilling . . .
1. What part of the plant is most affected?
2. What is a negative impact to terrestrial mammals?
3. What is a negative impact to aquatic mammals?
1. Roots
2. Lung and/or eye irritation
3. Increased turbidity
Occurs when the water table lowers in coastal communities due to excessive pumping and/or sea level rise
Saltwater intrusion
Jar jar Binx