Social Justice
System of farming where a landlord allows a tenant to use their land in exchange for a percentage of the
crop.
What is sharecropping?
Practices that reduce input consumption and improve crop productivity
What is a efficiency increasing practice?
State that is ranked #3 in the US in terms of # of dairy cows
What is New York State?
Example of a nutritionally fortified GE crop?
What is golden rice?
Idea that one should recycle all organic waste back to the land
What is the "Law of Return"?
Name of indigenous people who lived and farmed in Ithaca and the surrounding area prior to land dispossession by American colonists.
Who are the Gayogo̱hó꞉nǫ' (the Cayuga Nation) or Haudenosaunee Confederacy?
a practice that replaces an input
What is a substitution practice?
Largest ag commodity in NY State
What is dairy?
Example of a plant-incorporated protectant GE crop
What is Bt corn?
Worked in India and came to support Indian farming practices over western practices
Who is Albert Howard?
A community’s right to define their own food
and agriculture systems
What is Food Sovereignty?
A type of practice that requires a farmer to make substantial changes to their cropping system when adopting
What is a redesign practice?
What are two solutions to labor shortages in dairy production?
What are immigrant labor and automation?
Two methods used for transferring genes
What are 1) Microparticle bombardment using a gene gun and 2) Agrobacterium-mediated transfer
True or false: Manure from conventional livestock farms can be used on certified organic farms
What is true?
Closing existing stores and not locating new stores in impoverished neighborhoods
What is supermarket redlining?
Practice of growing two of more crops together in the same area at the same time.
What is intercropping (i.e., polycultures)?
Since 2002, the number of dairy farms in the US has _______ , while the number of cows per farm has _______.
What is decreased (almost by half) and increased (almost 2x).
Three of the seven concerns about GE crops
What are: 1)Do not know long-term impacts on human health, 2) Potential outcrossing and pollen drift (genetic contamination), 3) Facilitate pest resistance (Bt and Roundup), 4) Unintended effects on non-target organisms, 5) Centralize control of the food system, 6) Perpetuate failed high-input, monoculture-based system, and 7) Slow development of holistic, agroecological methods
Replacing prohibited synthetic inputs with naturally occurring inputs that are approved
What is input substitution?
Name (Plantiff v. Defendent) of class action lawsuit that was awarded for the unfair allocation of price support loans, disaster payments, "farm ownership" loans, operating loans. Over $1 billion paid or credited to more than 13,300 farmers.
What is Pigford v. Glickman?
Use low-input methods to grow crops and raise animals, while conserving biological diversity on the same land
What is land sharing?
Five major sustainability issues faced by dairy industry outlined by Dr. Giordano.
What are 1) profitability, 2) labor scarcity and cost, 3) environmental footprint, 4) animal welfare, and 5) public preception of production pracrics
Top 5 genetically engineered crops grown in the US in terms of acreage. Genetically engineered varieties of these crops account for at least 90% of total acreage of these crops.
What are: 1) Cotton, 2) Sugar beet, 3) Soybean, 4) Corn, and 5) Canola.
The big 5 things that are prohibited in certified organic agriculture
1.Irradiation; 2.Sewage sludge; 3.Genetic engineering; 4.Antibiotics; 5.Synthetic pesticides and fertilizers