Chapter 1: A Multidimensional Approach
A feature that can be focused on separately but that cannot be understood without also considering its embeddedness with other features.
Dimension
This perspective focuses on how internal processes such as needs, drives, emotions, and mental states motivate human behavior.
Psychodynamic perspective
Which biological system provides the structure and process for multi-way communication of sensory, perceptual, and autonomically generated information throughout the body?
Nervous System
Irrational or biased thought patterns that can negatively affect how individuals perceive themselves, their circumstances, and the world around them.
Cognitive Distortions
A person’s conscious or preconscious thinking processes is called _________
cognition
Patterns of group differences
Diversity
The core idea of this perspective is that individuals assess the costs and benefits of their interactions, seeking to maximize rewards while minimizing costs.
Social Exchange
Which biological system plays a crucial role in growth, metabolism, development, learning, and memory?
Endocrine System
________ is broadly described as how we know and make sense.
Cognition
Irrational thoughts that influence our emotions and can lead us to skew input from the environment, causing psychological distress are
Cognitive Distortions
Why was the phrase "Person in environment" changed to "person and environment" ?
remove the focus from just the individual
According to Freud,_______ serves as the internalized moral compass, promoting ethical behavior and social responsibility
Superego
___________ is frequently termed a "silent killer" due to its often asymptomatic nature in the early stages.
Heart Disease
What is the first stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory?
Sensorimotor
In the nervous system, the gap between an axon and a dendrite; the site at which chemical and electrical communication occurs.
Synapse
Which dimension of time is described as time ordered straight from past to present to future?
Linear Time
Olivia, a social worker, sees a client and takes an approach that is both client-centered and strengths- based. She also explores the client's core values. After the session, the client feels empowered. Which perspective is Olivia working from?
Humanistic
______ environments are characterized as nonorganic conditions not contained within the skin’s perimeter.
Distal
What are different categories of learning that are used to understand the world around us; Piaget proposed that they are the building blocks of knowledge.
Schemas
How many stages are there in Piaget’s cognitive development theory?
4- Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
The transition to adulthood often involves significant changes in identity, relationships, and responsibilities. A young adult may face different challenges and opportunities—like starting a career or establishing a family. This is an example of which aspect of the multidimensional approach?
Time
_________needs are at the bottom of the hierarchy, and the need for __________ is at the top:
Physiological (bottom) Self Actualization (top)
AIDS is a disease that affects the ____ system
Immune
_______ is often associated with the work of Albert Bandura, emphasizes the role of observational learning, imitation, and modeling in the development of behavior. This theory suggests that people learn not only through direct experience but also by observing others and the consequences of their actions.
social cognitive learning
How did Carol Gilligan’s theory of moral development emerge from Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory?
Gilligan expanded on Kohlberg’s theory by emphasizing the role of gender and relationships in moral reasoning.