Crim Theories
What theorists believe juveniles' self-perceptions are based on how they are thought of by others and how they are treated by people around them.
Labeling
What was the reason for starting the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)?
Collecting data missed by the UCR
In the 1905 case of ______, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court settled the issue of child and parental rights by citing the intent of intervention.
Commonwealth v. Fisher
This type of offense is only a charge because a person is under 18.
Status
Juveniles and young adults are more likely to commit ______ crimes than are other age groups.
Property
A formalized interaction between a juvenile and law enforcement begins with a(n) ______.
An arrest
The ______ Alert system, a program that has been used to recover hundreds of missing children.
Amber
What theory predicts criminal behavior based on the amount of pressure that individuals feel to obtain societal goals and successes.
Strain
According to the National Juvenile Court Data Archives, ______ cases accounted for 37% of the status offense petitioned cases in juvenile court in 2019.
Truancy
Which landmark case allowed some due process protection for juveniles accused of a crime?
Kent v. United States
This offense is a charge that a juvenile or adult can receive
delinquent
Age of ______ is the age at which a juvenile begins committing delinquent acts.
Onset
Which two Amendments to the United States Constitution address due process and equal protection?
5th and 14th
A(n) ______ is a large and powerful gang in a neighborhood, often absorbing smaller gangs in the area.
supergang
The ______ theory focuses more on explaining what increases a person's likelihood of victimization, rather than on offending behavior.
Routine
In the early 1970s, the U.S. Census Bureau launched the ______, a twice-yearly survey of public and private correctional facilities.
Children in Custody Survey (CIC)
Which 1870 ruling by the Illinois Supreme Court upheld a parents' right to care for their children without government intervention?
People v. Turner
A(n) ______ sentence imposes adult and juvenile court sanctions for juveniles who commit serious offenses.
blended
Once arrested and before being questioned, all individuals must be read the ______ warning.
Miranda
What did broken theory lead to in lower socioeconomic neighborhoods?
Increased policing
Term coined in the 1990's that described young black male delinquents. Racially offensive and picked up by the media.
Superpredator
What theory believes that an individual's bonds to their community develop in early childhood and encompass four elements: attachment, belief, commitment, and involvement.
Bond Theory
In the early 1900s, the first ______ system was assigned the task of monitoring juvenile crime and maintaining organized efforts to work with youth.
Juvenile Bureau
In the case of ______, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled that the state had the power to intervene for any reason, especially if it could provide help for families that could not provide it on their own.
Ex parte Crouse
At the time of ______, a juvenile court judge can decide placement for the youth.
Disposition
If an officer has ______ that a youth is carrying a weapon or has been involved in criminal activity, the officer is justified in patting them down.
reasonable suspicion
Name one community intervention program for youth?
BBBS
Boys and Girls Club
4H
Behaviors that decrease the likelihood that a youth will participate in violent behaviors are called ______.
Desta gets poor grades in high school and has been held back a year once due to failing a class. She does not believe she will ever get to go to college or really be "successful," so she has started hanging out with friends who skip school and drink instead. According to social bond theory, Desta most lacks ______.
Commitment
Authorities in what three states were the first to collect official crime statistics.
Maine, Massachusetts, and New York
In 1961, ______ introduced the exclusionary rule, which stated that evidence seized without a proper search warrant (and probable cause indicating that a crime has been committed) could not be used in court against adults accused of criminal offenses.
Mapp v. Ohio
Probation officers are also responsible for ______ management, which involves maintaining a file on every juvenile they are responsible for.
casework
Viktor keeps tabs on his ex-girlfriend's social media posts so he knows whenever she is out in public with friends. Viktor is engaged in ______.
Cyber-stalking
What drug intervention program was a failure in the 90s?
DARE
Who is used to teach the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) program.
SROs