Oral Prep/Oral Muscles
Name the muscles of the soft palate & nerve it is innervated by
Levator veli palatini (IX, X)
musculus uvulae (X, XI)
tensor veli palatini (V)
Which muscle is associated with the ability to close lips, which nerve is it innervated by?
Orbicularis oris - VII
Which muscles are elevators and shortens of the pharynx
palatopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
stylopharyngeus
What issues can cause dysphagia?
Structural changes
neurological impairment
behavioral disorders
aging
True or False: The UES closes in the pharyngeal stage
False
Name all 4 muscles associated with mastication
What they muscles do
Which nerve the muscles are innervated by
Temporalis - elevate mandible (V)
Masseter - elevate mandible (V)
Internal/Medial Pterygoid - elevate mandible (V)
External/lateral Pterygoid - protract mandible (move the mandible around) (V)
What is the difference between intrinsic & extrinsic muscles?
Intrinsic muscles attach within the body of the muscles (fine motor movements)
Extrinsic muscles attach outside of the body of the muscles (gross motor movements)
Name all nerves associated with both intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal muscles
Intrinsic - Vagus (X)
Extrinsic - Trigeminal (V), Facial (VII), Hypoglossal (XII)
In the pharyngeal phase is there negative or positive pressure to move the bolus down?
Negative
In what stage is the bolus pumped to the fauces?
Oral Stage
What does the buccinator muscle do and which nerve is it innervated by
Maintains food between molars; expels air forcibly
Innervated by Facial (VII)
Which nerve is associated with the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Which muscle(s) abduct the vocal folds?
Posterior Cricoarytenoids
True or False: Size and viscosity affect the oral transit time for a bolus?
true
Name the stages where the velum is depressed
Oral prep & esophageal
Name all intrinsic muscles of the tongue
What the muscles do
Which nerve it is innervated by
Transversus (XII) - narrows and elongates the tongue
Superior longitudinal (XII) - shortens tongue, turns tip and sides upwards
Verticalis (XII) - flattens and widens tongue
Inferior longitudinal (XII) - shortens tongue, turns tip and sides downwards
What two nerves make up the pharyngeal plexus?
Glossopharyngeal (sensory) & Vagus (motor)
Which muscles depress the hyoid?
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
What is it called when food goes below the vocal folds?
Aspiration
Name all parts of pharyngeal stage
1. 1 second or less
2. velum elevates
3. respiration stops
4. tongue moves towards posterior pharyngeal wall
5. posterior pharyngeal wall moves anteriorly to base of tongue
6. larynx lowers and velum depresses
7. pharyngeal constrictors contract
8. UES opens & relaxes
9. Pressure moves bolus down
10. Bolus passes the UES
What do extrinsic lingual muscles do?
What are the muscles?
Which nerves are innervated by the muscles?
Gross movements
Genioglossus (XII) - protracts and depresses tongue, forms majority of body of tongue
Hyoglossus (XII) - depresses tongue, pulls the tongue down
Styloglossus (XII) - retracts (pulls tongue back) and elevates tongue
Palatoglossus (IX, X) - elevates floor of tongue, approximates tongue to palatoglossal arch closing off oral cavity from oropharynx (pulls tongue back)
Which nerve is the only nerve that influences structures inferior to the neck?
Vagus (X)
Which muscle(s) lengthen and stretch the vocal folds also known as a tensor muscle(s)
Cricothyroid - innervated by Vagus (X)
Name all cartilages and what it connects to
Hyoid - attaches to epiglottis and strap muscles
Thyroid - anterior attachment of VF, posterior articulation with cricoid cartilage
Cricoid - complete ring, articulates with thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
Arytenoids - two cartilages which glide along the posterior cricoid and attach to posterior ends of the VFs
Name all the differences between liquids across all stages
labial seal is needed in oral prep & no mastication
1-2 seconds for esophageal phase