Circulatory System
Which of the following best describes the main function of the circulatory system?
To digest food and absorb nutrients
To transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and carry carbon dioxide and waste to the lungs
To filter waste products from the blood
To provide structure and support for the body
To transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and carry carbon dioxide and waste to the lungs
True or False: The vena cava is a large vein carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
True
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients
To filter waste from the blood
To take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
To produce hormones that regulate body functions
To take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
What are the three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system?
The three types of blood vessels are: arteries (carry blood away from heart), veins (carry blood back to heart), and capillaries (connect arteries and veins; allow gas exchange).
How many bones are in the adult human body?
80
126
206
275
206
Which blood vessels carry oxygen and nutrients away from the heart to the body?
Veins
Lymph vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Arteries
True or False:
Systemic circulation sends blood to the rest of the body and back to the heart.
True
Where does air enter the human body?
Through the trachea
Through the bronchi
Through the alveoli
Through the nose and mouth
Explain the relationship between the pulmonary and systemic circulation systems. How do they work together to keep the body functioning?
The pulmonary circulation picks up oxygen from the lungs and releases carbon dioxide. The systemic circulation then delivers that oxygenated blood to the body and collects deoxygenated blood to return to the heart. Together, they ensure all cells receive oxygen and waste is removed.
What are the two main types of bone tissue?
Hard and soft bone tissue
Compact and spongy bone tissue
Dense and flexible bone tissue
Inner and outer bone tissue
Compact and spongy bone tissue
Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur in the lungs?
In the alveoli (air sacs)
In the bronchi
In the trachea
In the diaphragm
In the alveoli (air sacs)
The skeletal system's only function is to provide structure and support to the body.
False
What is the larynx also known as?
Throat
Voice box
Windpipe
Air sacs
Voice box
Define ligaments and tendons. What is the difference between them?
Ligaments are strong connective tissues that connect bones to other bones. Tendons are strong connective tissues that connect muscles to bones. The difference is what they connect: ligaments connect bone-to-bone, while tendons connect muscle-to-bone.
How many bones make up the axial skeleton?
80
126
206
152
80
Which of the following best describes the main artery that carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body except the lungs?
The vena cava
The aorta
The pulmonary artery
The superior vena cava
The aorta
Compact and spongy are the two main types of bone tissue.
True
Which of the following structures are the smallest air passageways in the respiratory system?
Bronchioles
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli
Bronchioles
Explain why the skeletal system is important for protection. Name at least two vital organs and what protects them.
The skeletal system protects vital organs because bones form a protective cage around delicate structures. For example, the skull protects the brain from injury, the ribcage protects the heart and lungs, and the vertebral column (backbone) protects the spinal cord. This protection is crucial because damage to these organs would be life-threatening.
The appendicular skeleton consists of:
Skull, backbone, and ribcage
Limbs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles
Only the arms and legs
The spine and all vertebrae
Limbs and the pectoral and pelvic girdles
When a gymnast hangs upside down, does their blood still reach their heart?
No, because gravity pulls blood downward
Yes, because the heart pumps with enough force to move blood against gravity
Only if they hold their breath
Only in the legs, not the upper body
Yes, because the heart pumps with enough force to move blood against gravity
If the alveoli were damaged, the body would still be able to obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide efficiently.
False
Based on the breathing rate data, what pattern do you observe?
Sleeping has the highest breathing rate
Running has the lowest breathing rate
Physical activity increases breathing rate
Breathing rate stays the same during all activities
Physical activity increases breathing rate
Analyze the breathing rate data provided. What patterns or trends do you observe in breathing rates during different activities (rest, running, swimming, and sleeping)? What does this tell us about how the body responds to physical activity?
The data shows a clear pattern: Breathing rate increases with physical activity. At rest, breathing is 12 breaths per minute. During swimming (18 breaths per minute) and running (20 breaths per minute), breathing increases significantly. Interestingly, sleeping (14 breaths per minute) shows a slight increase from resting, which may be due to different sleep stages or measurement conditions. This tells us that the body responds to physical activity by breathing faster because muscles need more oxygen during exercise. The harder the activity, the more oxygen is needed, so the breathing rate increases to meet that demand.
Which of the following is NOT a main function of the skeletal system?
Provides structure and support
Protects internal organs
Aids in the production of blood cells
Produces insulin and regulates blood sugar
Produces insulin and regulates blood sugar