Chemistry
An atomic number increases in horizontal row of the periodic table, ionization generally:
a) increases, because of increasing effective nuclear charge
b) increases, because of increasing atomic radius
c) decreases, because of decreasing effective nuclear charge
d) decreases, because of increasing atomic radius
a) increase, because of increasing effective nuclear charge
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a retrovirus, an RNA virus that can insert itself into the human genome. The virus can reproduce in host cells because it contains:
a) enzymes that destroy T cells
b) viral DNA that is compatible with human DNA
c) core proteins rather than DNA
d) reverse transcriptase
d) reverse transcriptase
A rat receives food for pressing a level on a variable ratio schedule. Which pattern of responding is most likely to be observed?
a) relatively high response rate with predictable pauses after reinforcement
b) relatively high response rate with no predictable pauses
c) relatively low response rate with a predictable increase in responding right before reinforcement
d) fluctuating response rate with a predictable increase in responding right after reinforcement
b) relative high response rate with no predictable pauses
Which statement best distinguishes ethnocentrism from cultural relativism?
a) Ethnocentrism refers to in-group favoritism, whereas cultural relativism recognizes an out-group bias
b) Ethnocentrism assumes universal norms, whereas cultural relativism describes awareness of diversity
c) Ethnocentrism emphasizes social interaction, whereas cultural relativism focuses on social institutions
d) Ethnocentrism addresses discriminatory actions, whereas cultural relativism targets prejudicial beliefs
b) Ethnocentrism assumes universal norms, whereas cultural relativism describes awareness of diversity
What is the dependent variable in an experiment that determines the Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters of an enzyme?
a) initial velocity
b) intitial substrate concentration
c) enzyme concentration
d) fraction substrate bound
a) initial velocity
Which of the following statements best characterizes a material that is a good insulator but a poor conductor?
a) the material contains no electrons
b) the magnitude of the electric field inside the material is always equal to zero
c) the atoms in the material can easily move from one lattice site to another
d) electrons in the material cannot easily move from one atom to another
d) electrons in the material cannot easily move from one atom to another
Which of the following structures is derived from the same germ cell layer as the heart?
a) eye
b) bone
c) spinal cord
d) liver
b) bone
Regular breathing and regular, slow brain waves are most consistent with which stage of sleep?
a) NREM1
b) NREM2
c) NREM3
d) REM
c) NREM3
A theory based on which concept would best explain how economic development leads to changes in a society's fertility and mortality rates?
a) social reproduction
b) demographic transition
c) cultural diffusion
d) social stratification
b) demographic transition
How many molecules of NADH are produced from six molecules of glucose that undergo glycolysis?
a) 3
b) 6
c) 12
d) 18
c) 12
Which of the following substance is most likely to be more soluble in 1.0 M HCl than in 1.0 M NaOH?
a) AgCl
b) Pb(OH)2
c) CaF2
d) HI
b) Pb(OH)2
Suppose that in a randomly mating population of mammals, 160 of its 1,000 members exhibit a specific recessive trait that does not affect viability of the individual. How many individuals in this population are heterozygous carriers of the gene that causes this trait?
a) 160
b) 400
c) 480
d) 600
c) 480
A patient experiences a debilitating depressive episode after the loss of a job. A psychologist suggests that the patient had a genetic predisposition to depression and that unemployment acted as a trigger. The psychologist is using which approach to explain the patients depression?
a) Roger's humanistic theory
b) Beck's cognitive theory
c) The opponent process model
d) The diathesis-stress model
d) The diathesis-stress model
a) an unrecognized prejudice
b) a failure to cope with stress
c) an attribute that is devalued
d) a discriminatory reaction
c) an attribute that is devalued
What combination of lipid type and temperature results in the most disordered membrane?
a) Lipids with saturated acyl chains at low temperature
b) Lipids with saturated acyl chains at high temperature
c) Lipids with unsaturated acyl chains at low temperature
d) Lipids with unsaturated acyl chains at high temperature
d) Lipids with unsaturated acyl chains at high temperature
A gas that occupies 10 L at 1 atm and 25°C will occupy what volume at 500 atm and 25°C?
a) exactly 0.020 L
b) somewhat more than 0.02 L because of the space occupied by the individual gas molecules
c) somewhat more than 0.02 L because of the repulsions between the individual gas molecules
d) somewhat more than 0.02 L because of the increase number of collisions with the sides of the container
Albumin is the major osmoregulatory protein. The most likely effect of a sharp rise in the level of serum albumin is:
a) a drop in blood pressure
b) an increase in immune response
c) an efflux of albumin into the interstitial fluids
d) an influx of interstitial fluid into the bloodstream
d) an influx of interstitial fluid into the bloodstream
Which experimental scenario is most likely to result in social facilitation?
a) a group of participants, who initially agree on a social issue, are asked to discuss their views with each other
b) a group of participants, who initially disagree on a social issue, are asked to discuss their views with each other
c) a participant is asked to solve a complex puzzle in front of other participants
d) a participant is asked to solve an easy puzzle in front of other participants
d) a participant is asked solve an easy puzzle in front of other participants
A study is conducted in which researchers observe how physicians deal with role strain when treating patients with terminal illnesses. This study is best described as following which type of research design?
a) ethnographic
b) comparative
c) experimental
d) cross-sectional
a) ethnographic
Which event is LEAST likely to occur during apoptosis?
a) Cytochrome c release from the mitochondria
b) Cell shrinkage and blebbing
c) Capase activation
d) Damage to nearby cells caused by lysis
d) Damage to nearby cells caused by lysis
A student plans to add HCl to a solution containing Pb(NO3)2 (aq). To determine how much Pb2+ will precipitate from solution when the HCl is added, the student needs to know which of the following?
a) Ka for HCl
b) Ka for HNO3
c) Ksp for PbCl2
d) Keq --> Pb for the reaction Pb2+ + 2e-
c) Ksp for PbCl2
An organism is likely to be bacterium rather than a virus if it:
a) reproduces via fission
b) has a rigid outer covering
c) lacks a nuclear membrane
d) contains both RNA and protein
a) reproduces via fission
A rat in a shuttle box is presented with a tone followed by an electric shock. It can jump over the barrier to the other side of the shuttle box where no shock is delivered. This procedure is repeated over a number of trials. The rat will be conditioned through which type of reinforcement?
a) positive reinforcement
b) negative reinforcement
c) positive punishment
d) negative punishment
b) negative reinforcement
A study uses the receipt of government assistance to indicate socioeconomic status. Which of the following reflects the main methodological issue that is raised by using this measure?
a) validity
b) reliability
c) generalizability
d) reproducibility
a) validity
Which example of movement across a cell membrane is an example of active transport?
a) Water moving through aquaporins
b) Potassium moving through an ion channel
c) Sodium and potassium moving through the Na+K+ATPase
d) Chloride and bicarbonate moving through the chloride-- bicarbonate exchanger
c) Sodium and potassium moving through the Na+K+ATPase