Health Conditions
Anatomy
Dept/Specialty names
General Surgery
Medical Abbreviations
Medical Equipment
5
When the heart beats too fast or irregularly.
Arrhythmia (irregular)/ Tachycardia (Too fast)/Atrial Fibrillation/ Ventricular Fibrillation
rej: Heart attack (plumbing problems vs electrical problem)
5
What is the largest internal organ in the human body, located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, responsible for detoxification?
Liver
rej: Pancreas/ Gallbladder
5
What is the medical specialty or hospital department that focuses on the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents?
Paediatrics
5
What the the suffix -otomy mean?
Cutting into/opening (e.g., laparotomy).
5
What does BP stand for?
Blood pressure
5
What is the modern term for a surgical knife featuring a small, sharp, detachable blade?
Scalpel
rej: Bistoury (An older, more obscure term for a long, narrow surgical knife; it is rarely used in modern clinical settings.)
10
What is high blood glucose due to lack of insulin or insulin resistance
Diabetes Mellitus
rej: Hypoglycemia (Low blood glucose), Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes
10
What is the largest organ in the body?
Skin
rej: Liver
10
What medical treatment and surgical specialty is dedicated to the diagnosis, correction, and treatment of skeletal deformities, broken bones, and joint injuries?
Orthopaedics
rej: Osteopathy (branch of manual medicine)
10
Acute, localised pain and tenderness in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, specifically at McBurney’s point, most commonly points to what surgical emergency?
Appendicitis (Common cause of RIGHT lower quadrant pain)
rej: Diverticulitis, inflammation or infection of small pouches in colon wall, causes LEFT lower quadrant pain
10
What does CPR stand for
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
10
What is used to listen to heart and lung sounds?
Stethoscope
rej: Otoscope (for looking at ears),
Sphygmomanometer (tool to measure blood pressure)
20
A chronic, genetic condition causing wheezing due to airway narrowing
Asthma
rej: Bronchitis (usually a temporary infection)/ anaphylaxis (acute, rapid-onset emergency), COPD
20
The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Mitral valve / Bicuspid Valve (left side)
rej: Tricuspid Valve (right side)
20
The specialty managing autoimmune joint diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatology
20
A physical exam sign where pain worsens when pressure is suddenly released from the abdomen
Rebound tenderness (pain upon releasing pressure)
rej: Guarding (tensing of muscles during pressure)
20
In the context of hospital surgical or surgical patient management, what does the abbreviation ‘IVF’ stand for?
in vitro fertilisation
20
What diagnostic imaging modality uses high-frequency sound waves to visualise internal soft tissues, such as a mass in the liver?
Ultrasound
rej: Echocardiagram (of heart only),
CT Scan (x-rays), MRI (magnetic fields)
30
A patient presenting with Levine’s sign and elevated blood troponin levels is most likely experiencing what acute cardiac event?
Heart attack/ myocardial infarction (elevated troponin signifies cardiac muscle death)
rej: angina pectoris (usually normal troponin levels)
cardiac arrest (no Levine's sign)
30
The nerve that controls diaphragm movement and breathing
Phrenic nerve
rej: Vagus Nerve (controls the parasympathetic system)
30
The specialty managing autoimmune joint diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatology
rej: Orthopaedics
30
A blood test done before surgery to check haemoglobin levels.
Complete Blood Count (CBC) / Full Blood Count (FBC)
rej: Group and Screen (checks blood type and antibodies)
30
What does COPD stand for
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
rej: Congestive Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
30
What surgical technique or device uses a high-frequency electrical current to burn tissue in order to stop bleeding?
Diathermy (electrocautery / Bovie device)
rej: Sutures, Clamps, Gel Sponges, Epinephrine (stops bleeding but does not burn tissue with electrical current)
40
Fever, productive cough, crackles on auscultation - most likely diagnosis of the overarching condition?
Pneumonia (crackles on auscultation indicate fluid in the alveoli, which is a characteristic)/ Tuberculosis
rej: common cold
40
The protective, fluid-filled sac that surrounds and lubricates the heart
Pericardium
rej: Myocardium (middle muscular layer that pumps), Endocardium (smooth inner epithelial lining of the heart), Pleura (wraps the lungs)
40
The specialty that manages kidney failure and dialysis patients.
Nephrology (manages kidney function/dialysis)
rej: Urology (surgeons for the urinary tract and male reproductive system.)
40
Air under the diaphragm on X-ray with acute abdominal pain suggests what diagnosis?
perforated bowel (perforated viscus)
tear in the muscle separating the chest and abdomen
rej: Pneumonia
40
PRN (hint Latin for ‘as needed’)
Pro re nata
rej: Per Regular Notice (as needed)
40
This device delivers positive pressure ventilation and is commonly attached to a reservoir bag in emergencies
Bag-Valve Mask (BVM / Ambu bag)
rej: Nasal Cannula (low-flow passive oxygen device)
50
A patient presents with high fever, a 'strawberry tongue,' a peeling skin rash on the palms and soles, and swollen lymph nodes. What pediatric condition is a leading cause of acquired heart disease due to the inflammation of coronary arteries?
Kawasaki disease /Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
rej: Scarlet fever / rheumatic fever
50
A patient presents with right-sided facial droop affecting only the lower half of the face. Forehead movement is preserved. Where is the most likely upper motor neuron lesion?
Left motor cortex (upper motor neuron lesion)
rej: Bell's palsy
50
What medical specialty focuses on the comprehensive hospital care of adult patients, managing non-surgical conditions and coordinating care for complex patients with multi-system diseases?
Internal Medicine
rej: Family Medicine, General Surgery
50
What does Murphy’s sign suggest
Acute cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation) A "positive" Murphy's sign occurs when a patient stops breathing in (inspiratory arrest) because the gallbladder is inflamed and hits the examiner's hand.
rej: Cholethalithiasis (This simply means having gallstones. You can have stones without the inflammation that causes a positive Murphy's sign.)
Appendicitis (associated with McBurney’s point tenderness in the lower right abdomen, whereas Murphy's sign is in the upper right.)
50
NPO (hint: Latin for nothing by mouth)
nil per os
rej: Nothing Per Oral, Non-Patient Observation
50
This device measures end-tidal carbon dioxide to assess ventilation status during anaesthesia.
Capnograph/Capnography monitor (Measures CO2)
rej: Pulse Oximeter (Measures O2)
