First Aid
What does CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
You have a fever, what drug do you take?
Paracetamol/any NSAIDs
What is the largest bone in the human body?
femur
How many permanent teeth does an adult have excluding wisdom teeth?
28
What illness mainly affects children and causes fever, mouth sores, and skin rashes commonly found on hands and feet?
Hand foot mouth disease
What medication is administered using an auto injector for allergic reactions?
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
What drug is used to treat allergic rhinitis?
Cetrizine/Pseudoephedrine
Which gland regulates metabolism?
Thyroid gland
Which sticky, colorless film of bacteria constantly forms on the teeth and is the primary cause of cavities and gingivitis?
Dental plaque
What does macular degeneration damage?
Damages the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision
What type of burn affects both the epidermis and dermis?
Second degree burn (partial thickness burn)
What is amoxicillin used to treat? When should it be used?
Used to treat bacterial infections (e.g. tonsillitis, bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia) as well as infections of eyes, nose, ears, mouth and throat
Mycoplasma infections
What is the strongest muscle in the human body? (Strength relative to size)
Masseter (jaw muscle)
Which mineral and chemical compound makes up the majority of tooth enamel?
Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate)
What is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, producing resting tremor and slowed movement?
Parkinson’s disease
What is the key difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke in terms of mental status?
heat exhaustion: person is usually alert but weak/dizzy
heat stroke: altered mental state (confusion, unconsciousness) → medical emergency
You sprained your ankle.The doctor advises you to take Ibuprofen and not Paracetamol, even though you say that you can handle the pain. Explain the differences between Ibuprofen and Paracetamol in this context, and why you should still take Ibuprofen.
Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It reduces pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin production.
Paracetamol mainly reduces pain and fever but has minimal anti-inflammatory effect.
In an ankle sprain, pain is largely caused by inflammation and tissue swelling. Even if the pain is tolerable, reducing inflammation helps limit swelling and supports recovery.
Therefore, Ibuprofen is preferred because it addresses both the pain and the underlying inflammatory process, not just the discomfort.
A patient twisted her knee and reported sharp localised pain in the medial side of the knee. Valgus stress test is positive. What is the likely diagnosis?
Tear of the medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Which salivary gland produces the largest volume of saliva?
Submandibular gland (approx 70% in in stimulated state)
Parotid gland (approx 50% during salivary gland stimulation)
What genetic blood disorder is common in Mediterranean and Southeast Asian populations and results in reduced hemoglobin production and chronic anemia?
Thalassemia
A person has a penetrating chest wound and is struggling to breathe. What life-threatening complication may develop?
tension pneumothorax
This anti-vertigo medication works as an H1 receptor agonist and H3 receptor antagonist to improve inner ear microcirculation. Used to treat Ménière’s disease
Betahistine mesilate
Betahistine dihydrochloride
While playing ultimate frisbee, the patient jumped horizontally (layout) and landed on his elbow. After a few hours, he experienced aching of the shoulder. On examination, there is swelling over the lateral shoulder and sharp pain with shoulder abduction. What is the likely diagnosis?
Shoulder bursitis
What developmental stage determines the shape of the tooth crown?
Bell stage
What is an acute childhood vasculitis that can cause coronary artery aneurysms and presents with fever, rash, conjunctivitis, and strawberry tongue?
Kawasaki disease