general
synoviocyte that is actively phagocytic and synthesizes degradative enzymes (collagenases)
what is a type 1 synoviocyte?
technique used to remove synovial fluid
what is arthrocentesis?
normal synovial fluid macroscopic appearance
What is pale yellow or colorless? what is clear?
this is added to synovial fluid to reduce the viscosity for slide preparation
What is hyaluronidase?
what group (I, II, III, IV) will have synovial fluid with lower glucose than plasma, and a positive culture? Also name one of three conditions associated with this group.
Group III (septic)- bacterial infection, fungal infection, or mycobacterial infection
processes in which synovial fluid is formed
what is ultrafiltration of plasma and synoviocyte excretions
During collection, the tube collected in an anticoagulant tube for microscopic examinations
What is the second tube?
what is milky?
normal synovial fluid will have 60% of this cell type
what is monocytes/macrophages?
total protein of synovial fluid is usually how much compared to plasma
what is approximately 1/3
synovial fluid is the sole nutrient source for this portion of the joint
what is the articular cartilage?
temperature to test and store synovial fluid at
room temp
rice bodies are most commonly associated with this condition
what is rheumatoid arthritis?
during polarizing mmicroscopy, the yellow is parallel to the axis. Also name the most common crystal used as an example of this.
What is gout? What is MSU?
although it can not be used solely for diagnosis, increased uric acid levels are suggestive of this
what is gout?
what is a type 2 synoviocyte?
best anticoagulants for cell counts and crystal identification
what are EDTA or sodium heparin?
Two conditions that would cause fibrinogen to be present in synovial fluid
what is a traumatic tap or damaged synovial membrane?
crystal best seen on unstained cytospins because stains cause these crystals to dissolve
increased lactate levels are highly associated with this condition
What are the 4 classification groups of joint diseases? (Group I, II, III, IV)
Group I- noninflammatory
Group II- inflammatory
Group III- Septic
Group IV- hemorrhagic
specimen collected at the same time as synovial fluid for comparison studies
what is a blood sample?
dark, pepperlike particles seen in patients with ochronotic arthropathy
what are ochronotic shards?
LE cells are associated with what disease?
what is lupus? "aka SLE"
a patient with a plasma to synovial fluid glucose difference of <20mg/dL, and red-brown synovial fluid with a low viscosity is highly indicative of this group (I,II,III,IV). Also try name 1 of the 4 associated conditions with this group
Group IV (Hemorrhagic)- Trauma, Blood disease, tumor, or joint prosthesis