Foti et al. (2016)
Implicit teaching is...
What is teaching without plainly expressing the objective of a task?
This aspect of language acquisition, such as joint attention and communication, is essential for learning grammar and syntax in a usage-based framework.
What is social interaction?
Chang et al.’s network model, is used to simulate how learners predict and adjust their production of syntactic structures.
What is a Simple Recurrent Network?
The methods that were examined in the systematic search of implicit learning in ASD.
What is serial reaction time (SRT), alternating serial reaction time (ASRT), pursuit rotor (PR), and contextual cueing (CC)?
Tomasello's theory suggests that children use this cognitive ability to predict upcoming language forms during communication, helping them generalize patterns in syntax.
What is predictive processing?
Chang et al. explored this aspect of cognitive function, which helps speakers select the correct words and sentence structures, based on their previous experiences with language.
What is cognitive mechanisms?
the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis.
What is individuals diagnosed with ASD, at least one comparison group with TD individuals, measuring implicit learning?
**Follow-up: What is the significance of not including an age cut off?
Tomasello’s theory is compatible with connectionist models, which use this process, to update linguistic knowledge based on new input.
What is error-driven learning?
Chang et al. support the idea that syntactic knowledge emerges over time through this process, where learners adjust their understanding of language forms as they encounter new linguistic experiences.
What is gradual abstraction?
Foti et al.'s meta-analysis explored how individuals with ASD may experience challenges with implicit learning, which is often linked to this cognitive ability.
What is pattern recognition?
This accounts for how children form paradigmatic categories of various kinds of linguistic constituents (e.g. nouns and verbs)
This phenomenon, in Chang et al., refers to the tendency to reproduce syntactic structures after being exposed to them, influencing sentence production in speakers
What is syntactic priming?
The reason why research including Parkinson's disease and cerebellar degeneration populations supports implicit learning.
What is repeatedly executing a motor response sequence produces changes in activity in motor cortex and related structures and associated regions of both the basal ganglia and cerebellum?
(anything regarding the BG & cerebellum can count!)
Tomasello emphasizes that language acquisition involves a shift from this type of learning, based on individual words and phrases, to an understanding of abstract syntax and grammar.
What is concrete to abstract learning?
Chang et al. discuss this cognitive process, which involves organizing and selecting words to form grammatically correct sentences during real-time production.
What is sentence production planning?