Basic Terms and Style Elements
What type of language is shown? “But I ain’t goin no 10,000 miles to help murder and kill other poor people. If I wanna die, I’ll die right here, right now fightin’ you…"
Colloquialism
"And here where the ravine suddenly steepens and narrows, where the shadows are long-lived and the dampness stays, the trees are different."
Periodic Sentence
What type of parallelism is shown? "Every morning, we wake with purpose. Every morning, we rise with strength. Every morning, we face the challenges ahead, knowing that each step forward brings us closer to our goal."
Anaphora
Which type of coordination is shown? "He was a great man, a leader, a visionary."
Asyndeton
These are most effectively used after several long sentences, as a summary of what the writer has just said, and/or as a transition between sentences or paragraphs.
Short simple sentences or Sentence fragments
What is the difference between connotation and denotation?
Connotation refers to the response that a word evokes in a reader (not always literal.)
Denotation is the literal dictionary definition of a word.
What is shown here? "Despite the rain pouring down and the wind howling through the trees, with everyone else running for shelter."
Sentence fragment or dependent clause
What type of parallelism is shown? “She opened a book to find knowledge. Knowledge sparked curiosity. Curiosity led to discovery. Discovery changed her world.”
Anadiplosis
Which type of parallelism is shown? "Better to light a candle than curse the darkness."
Antithesis
This device can achieve a sense of balance within a very short amount of text. It creates a “stand alone” thought that usually won’t require further explanation due to its structure that repeats the same words after intervening material.
Epanalepsis
Knowledge of the rhetor and audience about the subject matter, beliefs held by the rhetor and audience about the subject matter, culture of the rhetor and audience, and the time of the argument are all examples of what?
Constraints
The yucca tree bristles with bayonet-pointed leaves, dull green, growing shaggy with age, tipped with panicles of fetid, greenish bloom.
Cumulative sentence
What type of parallelism is shown? “It's not the years in your life that count, it's the life in your years.”
Antimetabole
Which type of coordination is shown? "The sun was setting, and the wind was howling, and the waves were crashing against the rocks, and the sky was turning a deep shade of purple, and the air smelled of salt and seaweed, and the world seemed to slow down in that moment."
Polysyndeton
This device can lead the speaker’s words to have rhythm and cadence, and can create a rhyme scheme with the final words of lines of text.
Epistrophe
What is the difference between an independent clause and dependent clause?
An independent clause includes the subject and verb and can stand alone without any other details.
A dependent clause includes extra details and cannot stand alone as a complete thought.
Even more discomforting is a pervasive sense of unfamiliarity.
Inverted sentence
What type of parallelism is shown? “Freedom is the goal, but in chasing freedom, we often forget what it means to be free—true freedom.”
Epanalepsis
Which type of coordination has the ironic effect of distinctly separating ideas, and adding a poetic style, usually in more formal writing.
Asyndeton
A pastor writes and delivers a eulogy at a funeral because in most cultures it is customary to reflect on a deceased person’s life and accomplishments. *This example shows which part of the rhetorical situation?
Exigence
What are the FOUR parts to any rhetorical situation?
Exigence, Purpose, Audience, Constraints
First, what type of sentence is shown?
Then, what is italicized throughout the sentence?
"She walked through the forest, trees towering above her, leaves rustling in the breeze, the scent of pine filling the air, and the sound of distant birdsong guiding her steps."
Cumulative sentence; Modifiers are italicized
What 2 types of parallelism are shown? "Whether it is obscuring state language or the faux-language of mindless media; whether it is the proud but calcified language of the academy or the commodity driven language of science; whether it is the malign language of law-without-ethics..."
Anaphora and Antithesis
Which 2 "opposite" types of parallelism are shown?
"We cannot let fear control us. We cannot let doubt define us. We cannot let hesitation stop us."
Anaphora and Epistrophe
Which THREE devices can be used to create, through parallelism or word order reversal, clear contrast in order to create drama, remember a point, and/or emphasize a difference in meaning.
Antithesis, Antimetabole, Juxtaposition