What is gravity?
What determines the length of a planet’s day?
A. tilt
B. orbit
C. moons
D. rotation
orbit
Harry made this model of the sun and Earth. Which of these facts does the model let Harry demonstrate?
A. The length of Earth’s year is 365 days.
B. The seasons change on Earth as it orbits the sun.
C. The sun lights one-half of Earth’s surface at a time.
D. The time between one morning and the next is 24 hours.
C. The sun lights one-half of Earth’s surface at a time.
Which set of pictures shows the correct order of moon phases?
d
Why do the length of shadows change throughout the day?
a. because of the revolution of Earth around the sun
b. because of the revolution of the moon around Earth
c. because of the apparent rising and setting of the sun
d. because of the apparent movement of stars in a circle
c. because of the apparent rising and setting of the sun
The sun is a medium-size star, but it appears much larger than other stars. Why does the sun appear to be so large?
a. The sun is hotter than other stars.
b. The sun produces more light than other stars.
c. The sun is much closer to Earth than other stars.
d. The sun is affected by Earth’s gravity more than other stars are.
c. The sun is much closer to Earth than other stars.
The girl in the picture has a model that is used to study one of Earth’s cycles.
Which cycle seen on Earth is the girl studying with this model?
A. day and night
B. the four seasons
C. low tide and high tide
D. the phases of the moon
A. day and night
Earth is tilted on its axis. Which of these would not exist if Earth had no tilt?
A. gravity
B. seasons
C. lunar phases
D. Earth’s rotation
B. seasons
Which term describes the force that pulls all objects towards each other?
A. buoyancy
b. friction
c. gravity
d. weight
Which of these cycles does the spinning motion of Earth cause?
a. the cycle of the tides
b. the cycle of the seasons
c. the day-and-night cycle
d. the phases-of-the-moon cycle
c. the day-and-night cycle
All visible stars in the night sky are many times larger than Earth. Why do they look like tiny points of light in the night sky?
a. They are moving very fast.
b. The atmosphere blocks most of their light.
c. The stars visible at night are located very far from Earth.
d. Most of the light from stars is absorbed by galaxies, so it does not reach Earth.
c. The stars visible at night are located very far from Earth.
Imagine that the moon started rotating faster. How would it look different if you were looking at it from Earth?
A. The moon would appear dimmer.
B. The moon would appear brighter.
C. You could see different sides of the
moon.
D. The moon would move across the sky
more quickly.
C. You could see different sides of the
moon.
Sean looks at his calendar. He sees that
tonight’s phase of the moon will be a
new moon. Which will be the next
phase Sean sees after the new moon?
A. full moon
B. first quarter
C. third quarter
D. another new moon
B. first quarter
Paul throws a ball into the air in the United States. He visits Australia and throws the same ball into the air. Which of these describes how the ball most likely moved in the two locations?
a. The ball in Australia floated for a bit before falling to the ground. Australia has a weaker force of gravity.The ball in Australia floated for a bit before falling to the ground. Australia has a weaker force of gravity.
b. The ball fell to the ground in both locations with similar speeds. The force of gravity on Earth pulls all things to Earth. The ball fell to the ground in both locations with similar speeds. The force of gravity on Earth pulls all things to Earth.
c. The ball moved northward in the United States and southward in Australia. The United States is above the equator and Australia is below the equator. The ball moved northward in the United States and southward in Australia. The United States is above the equator and Australia is below the equator.
d. The ball in Australia barely moved upward before falling to the ground. The force of gravity is stronger in Australia because it is lower and has a lot of force on it.
b. The ball fell to the ground in both locations with similar speeds. The force of gravity on Earth pulls all things to Earth. The ball fell to the ground in both locations with similar speeds. The force of gravity on Earth pulls all things to Earth.
The sun appears to rise in the east. Which of these causes this phenomenon?
a. Earth’s rotation on its axis.
b. The sun’s rotation on its axis.
c. Earth’s movement around the sun.
d. The moon’s movement around the
sun.
a. Earth’s rotation on its axis.
Eva looks through a telescope at the night sky. She sees several stars. Which conclusion did she likely make?
a. The sun looks brighter than the stars because it is closest to Earth.
b. The sun looks brighter than the stars because stars do not make light.
c. The stars appear dimmer than the sun because they are smaller than the sun.
d. The stars appear brighter than the sun because there are more of them compared to just one sun.
a. The sun looks brighter than the stars because it is closest to Earth.
A sign makes a shadow on the playground. Mary drew the shadow at 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. Which of these explains the differences in the shadow at these two times?
A. As Earth gets closer to the sun, shadows become shorter.
B. The distance between Earth and the sun changes during the day.
C. The angle between the sun and the signpost changes during the day.
D. As the sun gets brighter, the size of the shadow made by the signpost increases.
C. The angle between the sun and the signpost changes during the day.
Which activity most closely matches early humans gathering around a fire?
* attending school
*Grocery shopping
*talking on the playground
*volunteering in the community
talking on the playground
Describe an investigation that could be done to show the relationship between the force of gravity and the weight of an object.
answers will vary
Which of these is a reason for the seasons on Earth?
a. rotation of Earth
b. revolution of Earth around the sun
c. rotation of our moon affecting Earth
d. revolution of our moon around Earth
b. revolution of Earth around the sun
Charlie sees two cars that are the same size. One car is close to him; it looks very large. The second car is far away; it looks small. Explain how Charlie’s observation of the cars is like how people see the sun and stars.
answers will vary
How long does the moon take to revolve once around Earth?
A. about as long as Earth’s seasons
B. about as long as one rotation of Earth
C. about as long as one rotation of the moon
D. about as long as one revolution of Earth around the sun
C. about as long as one rotation of the moon
9. One of Earth’s motions causes it to have four seasons. Which of these motions causes Earth to have four seasons?
A. revolving
B. rotating
C. spinning
D. vibrating
A. revolving
What would happen if Earth spun on its axis faster than it does now?
a. Earth would be hotter.Earth would be hotter.
b. A day would be shorter than 24 hours.
c. A year would be longer than 365 days.
d. There would be more than four seasons
b. A day would be shorter than 24 hours.
Why are the constellations in different locations on the maps?
a. The stars move around our sun, appearing in different locations at different times of the year.
b. Earth moves around the sun, causing the stars to appear to move when, really, Earth is moving.
c. The stars move around their individual suns at a different rate than Earth moves around the sun.
d. Earth moves closer to and farther away from different constellations at different times of the year.
b. Earth moves around the sun, causing the stars to appear to move when, really, Earth is moving.
What is luminosity?
the brightness of a star