The Muscular System
sometimes called muscle fibers and form the bulk of muscle tissue
Myocytes
the number of bones there are in the adult human skeleton
206
While you are sitting at your desk/table, you are using this type of motor unit.
Slow-Oxidative (Type I)
a network of blood vessels supplying the body with oxygen and nutrients while removing carbon dioxide and waste
circulatory system
serve as chemical “messengers” that function in cellular and organ activity to maintain the body’s homeostasis
Hormones
the functional contractile regions of the myocyte
Sarcomeres
the movements that occur within a joint as surfaces move relative to one another
Arthrokinematics
When you walk to your next class, you will be using this type of motor unit.
Fast-Oxidative/Fatigue-Resistant (Type IIa)
delivers oxygen to the cells of the body’s tissues and removes carbon dioxide
respiratory system
The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
Homeostasis
the process used by muscles to contract and is a cycle of repetitive events that causes actin and myosin myofilaments to slide over each other, contracting the sarcomere and generating tension in the muscle
Sliding filament model
the type of arthrokinematics that involves a single point on one joint surface rotating on a single point on another surface, similar to the motion of a top spinning on the ground
Spin
When you lift heavy weights in the weight room this afternoon, you will be using this type of motor unit.
Fast-Glycolytic/Fatigable (Type IIb or IIx)
the ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen to the working muscles during sustained physical activity
Cardiorespiratory endurance
A situation when the output or response of a loop impacts or influences the input or stimulus
Feedback
the type of contraction is constant tension maintained in the muscle as the muscle changes length
Isotonic
The head of the radius spinning on the capitulum of the humerus during pronation and supination of the forearm is an example of this type of arthrokinematic
Spin
a rapid, temporary change in the electrical membrane potential of a cell, particularly excitable cells like neurons and muscle cells
Action potential
an increase in the concentration of a substance causing feedback that produces continued increases in concentration is an example
Positive feedback loop
the type of contractions generate force without changing the length of the muscle
Isometric
an increase in the concentration of a substance that causes feedback that ultimately causes the concentration of the substance to decrease is an example
Negative feedback loop