Subtypes
These T cells help coordinate immune responses.
What are CD4+ helper T cells?
To become mature naive T cells, common lymphoid progenitors must travel to this organ.
What is the thymus?
CD8+ binds to class I, CD4+ binds to class II.
What is MHC?
CAR-T is short for this.
What is chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy?
These T cells are especially important for eliminating virus-infected or cancerous cells.
What are CD8+ cytotoxic T cells?
Thymocytes that bind too tightly to self peptide-MHC are eliminated during this process.
What is negative selection?
Once activated, CD8+ T cells kill their targets using perforins and these family of enzymes.
What are granzymes?
A T cell may reach this state after prolonged exposure to a pathogen.
What is T cell exhaustion?
These T cells help fight off pathogens long after the initial exposure.
What are memory T cells?
To develop a functional T cell receptor, these endonucleases allow for V(D)J recombination.
What are RAG1 and RAG2?
CD28 on the surface of T cells may bind to CD80 on antigen presenting cells, providing this secondary activation signal.
What is costimulation?
Blockade of receptors such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and LAG-3 on T cells are examples of this cancer treatment strategy.
What is immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)?
These often-forgotten T cells help B cells produce antibodies.
What are T follicular helper cells (Tfh)?
Lymphocytes that do not bind with sufficient affinity to self peptide-MHC are eliminated by this process.
What is death by neglect?
This state occurs when a T cell does not receive costimulation following binding to antigen-MHC.
What is anergy?
CAR T cells are often engineered to target this surface marker, the basis of the most common treatment for B cell malignancies.
What is CD19?
The percent of thymocytes that begin differentiation in the thymus that become CD4+ or CD8+ T cells.
What is 1-2%?
This *serious* side effect of CAR T therapy results from a spike in bloodstream cytokines.
What is CRS (cytokine release syndrome)?