Definitions
A type of white blood cell essential for the immune system, responsible for fighting infections, cancer, and remembering pathogens for future protection
What is a lymphocyte?
The start of T-cell development occurs in [blank] or [blank] .
What is bone marrow and fetal liver?
The process of movement of double-positive T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) to the cortex, where they encounter self-antigens.
What is positive selection?
The number of types of T-cells
What is 4?
The transport medium of hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow to the thymus.
What is blood?
A lymphoid organ situated in the neck vertebrates which produces T-lymphocytes for the immune system.
What is the thymus?
The cells then develop into multipotent progenitors that retain the ability to differentiate into [blank] and [blank]
What are myeloid and lymphoid cells?
The cells that survive the positive selection move into the medulla of the thymus and undergo [blank] which eliminates thymocytes with a high affinity for self-antigens.
What is negative selection?
Produces factors that activate nearly all other immune system cells, including B cells and cytotoxic T cells.
What are Helper T cells (CD4+)?
Located in the upper chest behind the sternum and positioned between the lungs and just in front of the heart.
What is the thymus?
A marker that tells your immune system whether something in your body is harmful or not.
What is an antigen?
The cells that reach the thymus are called [blank cells] as these do not express any of the CD4 or CD8 co-receptor.
What are double negative cells?
The cells that successfully complete the selection process exit the thymus are known as [blank].
What are mature naive T-cells?
Specialized subset of CD4+ T cells that serves a crucial role in suppressing inflammatory immune responses and maintaining immune tolerance, thereby preventing autoimmunity.
What are Regulatory T cells (Treg)?
Another name for Cytotoxic T-cell
What is a killer cell?
A major class of lymphocytes responsible for identifying and responding to specific antigens.
What are T lymphocytes/ T-cells?
The cells progress further in the thymus in [blank] double negative stages to express both CD4 and CD8 co-receptors
What is 4?
The process by which T cells recognize a specific antigen and receive the necessary signals to become active, proliferate, and carry out immune responses.
What is T-cell activation?
Destroys cells with foreign or abnormal antigens on their surfaces, including tumor cells and cells carrying infectious agents.
What are Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)?
T-cells are recognized by [blank] on the cell's surface.
What are T-cell receptors (TCRs)?
Cell surface glycoproteins encoded on chromosome 6 that bind peptide antigens and present them to T cells, enabling immune recognition and distinguishing self from non self.
What are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules?
The stage in which T-cell precursors (thymocytes) express both CD4 and CD8 and undergo TCR α chain rearrangement.
What is the double positive stage?
Usually occurs in the form of lineage commitment which is based on the affinity of the T-cell receptor towards self-antigen, where the cells determine whether to join the CD8+ cytotoxic T cells or the CD4+ helper T-cell.
What is T-cell differentiation?
Responds to specific antigens that the immune system has previously encountered, providing long-lasting immune defense against reinfection.
What are Memory T cells?
Lymphocytes can develop into 2 main different subsets. These are
What are T-cells and B-cells?