Newton's Laws of Motions
This law explains why a space probe with its engines switched off can continue moving in a straight line at nearly constant speed when no significant unbalanced force acts on it.
Law of Inertia
Two identical lamps each receive 12 V from a 12-V battery, while the battery’s current divides between the lamps. This circuit arrangement is most likely this.
Parallel
Charged particles vibrating rapidly in a transmitting antenna produce radiation that can travel through empty space. This radiation is called this.
Electromagnetic wave
An icy object develops a coma and tail near the Sun; a rocky object orbits mainly among similar objects; a space rock creates a bright streak in Earth’s atmosphere; and a nearly spherical object has not cleared its orbital neighborhood. These objects are, respectively, this.
Comet, asteroid, meteor, dwarf planet
A car moves around a circular track at constant speed, but its direction keeps changing. This means the car is experiencing this.
Acceleration
An 18-V power supply is connected to a heating element with a resistance of 6.0 Ω. This is the current flowing through the element.
3.0 A
Compared with infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation has this combination of properties.
A. Shorter wavelength and higher frequency
B. Shorter wavelength and lower frequency
C. Longer wavelength and higher frequency
D. Longer wavelength and lower frequency
A. Shorter wavelength and higher frequency
Primitive meteorites contain minerals that formed very early in Solar System history. Scientists value them because they may preserve this.
A. Samples from every planet
B. Proof that all planets formed in exactly the same place
C. Information about Earth’s present weather system
D. Evidence about materials present during Solar System formation
D. Evidence about materials present during Solar System formation
When a delivery van crashes into a smaller car, each vehicle exerts a force on the other. According to Newton’s Third Law, these forces are this.
A. Greater on the car
B. Greater on the van
C. Equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
D. Equal only when the masses are equal
C. Equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
A resistor carries 0.15 A at 3 V, 0.30 A at 6 V, and 0.45 A at 9 V. If the pattern continues, this current should flow at 12 V.
0.60 A
You point a television remote at the TV and press a button. The electromagnetic radiation commonly carrying the signal is this.
Infrared
A meteor shower appears around the same time every year. To understand why, this secondary source would be most useful.
A. A social-media post showing one meteor
B. A news article about an unrelated asteroid
C. A weather forecast for the night of the shower
D. An astronomy reference showing Earth’s orbit and the parent object’s debris stream
D. An astronomy reference showing Earth’s orbit and the parent object’s debris stream
To investigate how mass affects acceleration, this is the best experimental setup.
A. Keep the pulling force constant, change the mass, and measure acceleration.
B. Keep mass and force constant, but change the cart’s color.
C. Change the surface, mass, and force at the same time.
D. Change both mass and force in every trial.
A. Keep the pulling force constant, change the mass, and measure acceleration.
A power strip becomes unusually warm because several high-power appliances are connected to it. This is the safest response.
A. Cover the power strip.
B. Keep using it while the appliances still work.
C. Put a fan beside it and keep everything connected.
D. Disconnect some appliances and stay within the strip’s rated capacity.
D. Disconnect some appliances and stay within the strip’s rated capacity.
A laboratory uses ultraviolet radiation to disinfect equipment, but strong exposure can harm skin and eyes. This is the safest practice.
A. Increase exposure time whenever equipment looks dirty.
B. Assume UV is harmless because it is used for disinfection.
C. Use the UV source only with appropriate protective measures.
D. Look directly at the UV source so your eyes can adjust.
C. Use the UV source only with appropriate protective measures.
Astronomers need to monitor thousands of asteroids for several years and track changes in their positions and brightness. This technology would be most practical.
A. Seismographs
B. Weather balloons
C. Individual landing probes
D. A network of automated astronomical telescopes
D. A network of automated astronomical telescopes
A 24-kg maintenance cart is pulled with 90 N forward while friction pushes back with 18 N. This is the cart’s acceleration.
3 m/s²
A resistor produces these results: 2 V → 0.10 A, 4 V → 0.20 A, 6 V → 0.30 A, and 8 V → 0.15 A. This trial should be investigated again.
Trial 4
You want reliable secondary-source evidence about whether prolonged exposure to electromagnetic radiation can harm living tissue. This would be the strongest source.
A. Classmates’ opinions
B. One anonymous online comment
C. Advertisements from radiation-protection companies
D. Reports from scientific or health organizations summarizing multiple studies
D. Reports from scientific or health organizations summarizing multiple studies
A space probe flies close to a comet and collects particles released from its surface. Its greatest advantage over distant telescope observations is this.
A. It makes telescope observations unnecessary.
B. It eliminates the need for scientific instruments.
C. It can make direct measurements of material near the comet.
D. It can prevent the comet from changing near the Sun.