How do you calculate kinetic and potential energy?
Kinetic = 1/2mv^2
Potential = mgh
100
First Process in EDL
Identify the need
100
Climate vs. Koppean Climate
Climate- average temp, precip + seasonal changes
Koppean- average temp, precip + native vegetation
100
CORIOLIS EFFECT?
result of earth's rotation
makes wind flow curved
n.hemis=clockwise s.hemis=counterclockwise
faster wind=more curve
100
What is el Nino?
What is la Nina?
El nino is wind direction being switched with also high pressure moving to west side by australia and low pressure movin by south america (COLD/DRY australia + HOT/WET s. america)
La nina is normal condition but with steep thermocline and upwelling resulting in colder than normal conditions.
200
What is the first law of Thermodynamics?
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
1) Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Energy can ONLY be changed from one form to another.
2) Energy becomes less useful as it changes forms.
200
Second Process in EDL
Research the problem/develop possible solutions
200
What is LAMECOW?
Latitude- higher the latitude = colder
Air Pressure- anticyclones (h;c) cyclone (l;counterc)
Mountain Barriers- Windward (wet and cold) Leeward (hot and dry)
Elevation- higher elevation=less air pressure (and colder)
Continental Location- close to ocean = regulated temps; inland = bigger temp change throughout year
Ocean Currents- SURFACE currents=solar heating, gravity, winds, coriolis DEEP OCEAN currents=temperature+salinity
WINDS- Doldrums (rising air;rainforests), Horse Latitudes (deserts @ 30)
Trade Winds (east;0-30)
Westerlies (west 30-60)
Polar Easterlies (east 60-90)
200
What is paleoclimatology?
The study of past climate.
-scientists look at past natural environmental changes to determine what climate was like in the past
(tree rings, sediment from core, pollen, ice cores, coralss
200
Earth's Albedo + positive feedback loop
Albedo- measures how reflective surface is
(ice/snow=high;ocean/soil=low->good)
POSITIVE-lowered albedo=absorbs sunlight=melts ice
300
Where is KE and PE highest/lowest on skatepark ramp?
KE- highest at bottom of ramp/lowest at top of ramp
PE- highest at top of ramp/lowest at bottom of ramp
300
Thirs process in EDL
select most promising solution/construct ptototype
300
Sea Breeze vs. Land Breeze
Sea Breeze- (day) water heats up slower=higher pressure -> high p. air over sea blows into low p. air over land
Land Breeze- (night) land cools off slower= higher pressure -> high p. over land blows into low p. over sea
300
How did scientist learn about Antarctica's past climate?
Drilled through miles of ice to the core where they examine tiny bubbles of old atmosphere to determine past climates of antarctica
300
What do volcanic eruptions do to climate?
Volcanic eruptions cool climate because volcanic ash block out sunlight.
Lots or carbon dioxide is added to atmosphere = enhanced greenhouse effect
400
What are the three kinds of potential energy?
Gravitational - due to position (height)
Elastic - energy stored in something stretched or compressed
Chemical - energy stored in chemical bonds
400
Fourth process in EDL?
Test and Evaluate Protype
400
What causes wind?
Unequal Heating of Earth's Surface
-because earth is tilted 23.5 degrees
400
Low emissions equal=
High emissions=
barely any/no change
extreme growth in temp
400
Urban heat island impact?
Urban cities tend to be 2-9 degrees warmer.
Lower relative humidity (rainy)
Lighter prevailing winds (more local winds because building block out big winds)
500
What is energy?
The ability to cause change
500
Fifth Process in EDL
Communicate the design/redesign
(REPEAT EVERYTHING OVER AGAIN)
500
What is the Jet Stream?
Comes from WEST
(less of temp difference means weakened jet stream)
GEOSTROPHIC WIND (not surface) - faster speed, flow parallel to isobars + little frictiion
500
What does Antarctica's' Climate finding apply to/tell us today?
Our climate warming up mimics what happened in antarctica. Past climate change data from antarcticacan tell you what our FUTURE CLIMATE WILL BE LIKE
500
Greenhouse Gases Affect on Climate Change?
Positive Feedback Loop
water vapor- most abundant and important
**carbon dioxide- 2nd most abundant and **impact climate change the most
methane- important
POSITIVE- increased temps=increased evap= more water vapor (GHG)